Electrically-conductive nanocomposite material
An electromagnetically active composite has an electrically-nonconductive host matrix and electrically-conductive nanostrand bodies embedded in a substantially uniform distribution throughout the host matrix. Each of the nanostrand bodies comprises a volume containing at least one nanostrand of filamentary metal. Adjacent nanostrand bodies that are sufficiently mutually proximate will interact electromagnetically with each other. The filamentary metal of the one or more nanostrands in each of the nanostrand bodies occupies a deminimus fraction of the overall volume occupied by the at least one nanostrand that comprises each of the nanostrand bodies. The filamentary metal is chosen from among the group of metals that includes nickel, nickel aluminides, iron, iron aluminides, alloys of nickel and iron, and alloys of nickel and copper. Individual nanostrands of the nanostrand bodies have an average diameter in a range of from about 10 nanometers to about 4000 nanometers, and the average diameter of the nanostrand bodies is in a range of from about one micron to about 3000 microns.
1. An electromagnetically active composite comprising:
an electrically-nonconductive host matrix;
electrically-conductive nanostrand bodies dispersed in a substantially uniform distribution throughout said host matrix, each of said nanostrand bodies comprising an overall volume containing mostly open space and at least one nanostrand of filamentary metal, and adjacent of said nanostrand bodies being sufficiently mutually proximate to interact electromagnetically, the filamentary metal of at least one of said nanostrand bodies occupies a fraction of the overall volume occupied by the at least one of said nanostrand bodies; and
an additive distinct from said nanostrand bodies dispersed throughout said host matrix and lending nonelectromagnetic properties to said composite.
2. A composite as recited in claim 1 , wherein the individual nanostrands of said nanostrand bodies have an average diameter in a range of from about 10 nanometers to about 4000 nanometers, and the average diameter of said nanostrand bodies is in a range of from about one micron to about 3000 microns.
3. A composite as recited in claim 1 , wherein said host matrix comprises a polymeric material.
4. A composite as recited in claim 1 , wherein said host matrix comprises a ceramic material.
5. A composite as recited in claim 1 , wherein said filamentary metal is chosen from among the group of metals including nickel, nickel aluminides, iron, iron aluminides, alloys of nickel and iron, and alloys of nickel and copper.
6. A composite as recited in claim 1 , wherein said additive is chosen from among the group of additives including pigments, lubricants, hard particles, thermal conductors, surface smoothers, flame retardants, gelling agents, and chopped nickel-coated macroscale fibers.