Sizing Composition For Glass Fibers, Sized Glass Fibers, And Reinforced Products Comprising The Same
The present invention provides aqueous sizing compositions for application to glass fibers as well as polymeric resins reinforced with glass fibers at least partially coated with the aqueous sizing compositions. In some embodiments, sizing compositions of the present invention demonstrate advantageous properties resulting from the presence of an acid-amine component therein.
1 . An aqueous sizing composition for glass fibers comprising:
an acid-amine component, the acid-amine component comprising molecules of at least one amine associated with molecules of at least one phosphorus-containing acid or sulfur-containing acid.
2 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 , wherein the molecules of the at least one amine are associated with the molecules of the at least one phosphorus-containing acid or the at least one sulfur-containing acid by electrostatic interactions, covalent bonds, or combinations thereof.
3 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the at least one phosphorus-containing acid or sulfur-containing acid to the amine is less than about 1.
4 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the at least one phosphorus-containing acid or sulfur-containing acid to the amine is less than about 0.75.
5 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the at least one phosphorus-containing acid or sulfur-containing acid to the amine is less than about 0.5.
6 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one amine comprises an aminosilane, imidazoline, alkylimidazoline, ethoxylate amine oxide, or polyamino fatty acid derivative or a mixture thereof.
7 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 , wherein the phosphorus-containing acid comprises phosphorus acid, hypophosphorus acid, phosphonic acid, organophosphorus acids, or mixtures thereof.
8 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 , wherein the phosphorus-containing acid comprises a compound of Formula (I):
wherein R 1 is -alkyl, -alkenyl, -alkynyl, -cycloalkyl, -cycloalkenyl, -heterocycl, -aryl, or -heteroaryl and R 2 is -hydrogen, -alkyl, -alkenyl, -alkynyl, -cycloalkyl, -cycloalkenyl, -heterocycl, -aryl, or -heteroaryl.
9 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 , wherein the phosphorus-containing acid comprises a compound of Formula (II)
wherein R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of -hydrogen, -alkyl, -alkenyl, -alkynyl, -cycloalkyl, -cycloalkenyl, -heterocycl, -aryl, or -heteroaryl.
10 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sulfur-containing acid comprises sulfonic acid, organosulfonic acids, hydrogen sulfite or sulfurous acid or mixtures thereof.
11 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 , wherein the acid-amine component is present in an amount up to about 100 weight percent of the sizing composition on a total solids basis.
12 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 further comprising at least one additional acid.
13 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 12 , wherein the at least one additional acid comprises a carboxylic acid.
14 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 13 , wherein the carboxylic acid comprises formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid or stearic acid or mixtures thereof.
15 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 further comprising at least one film former.
16 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 further comprising at least one coupling agent.
17 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 , wherein the phosphorus atom of the phosphorus-containing acid is not in the oxidation state of 5.
18 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur atom of the sulfur-containing acid is not in the oxidation state of 6.
19 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 , wherein the sizing composition is a primary sizing composition.
20 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 , wherein the sizing composition is a secondary sizing composition.
21 . An aqueous sizing composition for glass fibers comprising:
an acid-aminosilane component, the acid-aminosilane component comprising molecules of at least one aminosilane associated with molecules of at least one phosphorus-containing acid or sulfur-containing acid.
22 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 21 , wherein the at least one aminosilane comprises γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, β-aminoethyltriethoxysilane, N-β-aminoethylamino-propyltrimethoxysilane or 3-aminopropyldimethoxysilane or mixtures thereof.
23 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 21 , wherein the molar ratio of the at least one phosphorus-containing acid or sulfur-containing acid to the aminosilane is less than about 1.
24 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 21 , wherein the molar ratio of the at least one phosphorus-containing acid or sulfur-containing acid to the aminosilane is less than about 0.75.
25 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 21 , wherein the molar ratio of the at least one phosphorus-containing acid or sulfur-containing acid to the aminosilane is less than about 0.5.
26 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 21 further comprising at least one additional acid.
27 . The aqueous sizing composition of claim 26 , wherein the at least one additional acid comprises a carboxylic acid.
28 . A fiber glass strand comprising:
at least one glass fiber at least partially coated with an aqueous sizing composition comprising an acid-amine component, the acid-amine component comprising molecules of at least one amine associated with molecules of at least one phosphorus-containing acid or sulfur-containing acid.
29 . A composite material comprising:
a polymeric resin; and
a plurality of glass fibers disposed in the polymeric resin wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers is at least partially coated with the aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 .
30 . The composite material of claim 29 , wherein the plurality of glass fibers are present in an amount up to about 90 weight percent of the composite material.
31 . The composite material of claim 29 , wherein the polymeric resin comprises a thermoplastic.
32 . The composite material of claim 31 , wherein the thermoplastic comprises a polyolefin, polyamide, polystyrene, polyphenylene oxide, polyester or copolymers or mixtures thereof.
33 . The composite material of claim 29 , wherein the polymeric resin comprises a thermoset.
34 . The composite material of claim 33 , wherein the thermoset comprises a polyester, polyurethane, polyimide, polyphenol, expoxy or copolymers or mixtures thereof.
35 . A method of making a composite material comprising:
disposing a plurality of coated glass fibers in a polymeric resin, wherein at least one of the plurality of glass fibers is at least partially coated with the aqueous sizing composition of claim 1 .