Composition Derived from a Meat Source and Processes for Making and Using Composition
A composition is derived from animal muscle may be added to a substrate animal muscle for improving water-binding capacity of the substrate animal muscle. A process for making a composition in accordance with one embodiment may include the steps of providing a slurry of animal muscle and water; increasing the pH of the slurry to an alkaline level sufficient to solubilize at least a portion of the animal protein in the animal muscle so as to form an alkaline slurry; and maintaining the pH of the alkaline slurry at a level sufficient to prevent coagulation of the animal protein. The alkaline slurry may then be dried to form a substantially dry particulate animal muscle product. The particulate animal muscle product may then be reconstituted to form a marinade, and the marinade may be applied to a substrate animal muscle.
1 . A process for improving water-binding capacity of a substrate animal muscle, comprising:
providing a slurry of animal muscle and water;
increasing the pH of the slurry to an alkaline level sufficient to solubilize at least a portion of the animal protein in the animal muscle so as to form an alkaline slurry;
maintaining the pH of the alkaline slurry at a level sufficient to prevent coagulation of the animal protein;
drying the alkaline slurry to form a substantially dry particulate animal muscle product;
reconstituting the particulate animal muscle product to form a marinade; and
applying the marinade to a substrate animal muscle.
2 . The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
removing animal connective tissue from one of the slurry and the alkaline slurry.
3 . The process of claim 2 , wherein the step of drying includes spray-drying the alkaline slurry.
4 . The process of claim 3 , wherein the step of applying includes injecting the marinade into the substrate animal muscle.
5 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of increasing the pH of the slurry includes increasing the pH of the slurry to a pH of about 11 to form the alkaline slurry, and wherein the step of maintaining the pH of the alkaline slurry includes:
reducing the pH of the alkaline slurry from the pH of about 11 to a pH of about 9;
adding a salt and a buffer to the alkaline slurry; and
increasing the pH of the alkaline from the pH of about 9 to a pH in the range of about 10 to about 10.5, wherein the alkaline slurry has a pH in the range of about 10 to about 10.5 prior to being dried.
6 . The process of claim 5 , wherein water is added to the particulate animal muscle product to reconstitute the particulate animal muscle product.
7 . The process of claim 1 , wherein water, a salt, and a buffer are added to the particulate animal muscle product to reconstitute the particulate animal muscle product.
8 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of increasing the pH of the slurry includes increasing the pH of the slurry to a pH of about 11 to form the alkaline slurry, and wherein the step of maintaining the pH of the alkaline slurry includes reducing the pH of the alkaline slurry from the pH of about 11 to a pH in the range of about 7 to about 9.
9 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline slurry has a pH in the range of about 9.5 to about 10.5 prior to being dried.
10 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the particulate animal muscle product has a moisture content of less than about 10 percent by weight and an animal protein content in the range of about 40 percent to about 60 percent by weight.
11 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the particulate animal muscle product has an animal protein content in the range of about 25 percent to about 40 percent by weight.
12 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the slurry of animal muscle is a slurry of fish muscle.
13 . The process of claim 12 , wherein the substrate animal muscle includes fish muscle.
14 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline slurry includes animal protein solids in the amount of less than 10 percent by weight of the alkaline slurry.
15 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the marinade includes about 2 percent of a salt by weight and about 1 percent to about 2 percent of a buffer by weight, and wherein the marinade has a pH in the range of about 10 to about 10.5.
16 . A process for improving water-binding capacity of a substrate animal muscle, comprising:
providing an animal muscle product formed by a process including the steps of:
providing a slurry of animal muscle and water;
increasing the pH of the slurry to an alkaline level sufficient to solubilize at least a portion of the animal protein in the animal muscle so as to form an alkaline slurry; and
maintaining the pH of the alkaline slurry at a level sufficient to prevent coagulation of the animal protein; and
applying the animal muscle product to a substrate animal muscle.
17 . The process of claim 16 , wherein the process forming the animal muscle product further includes the step of drying the alkaline slurry to form a dried animal muscle product, wherein the step of applying includes applying the dried animal muscle product to a surface of the substrate animal muscle.
18 . The process of claim 17 , wherein the step of applying includes reconstituting the dried animal muscle product with water, wherein the reconstituted dried animal muscle product is applied to the substrate animal muscle.
19 . A process for making a composition for improving water-binding capacity of a substrate animal muscle, comprising:
providing a slurry of animal muscle and water;
increasing the pH of the slurry to an alkaline level sufficient to solubilize at least a portion of the animal protein in the animal muscle so as to form an alkaline slurry; and
maintaining the pH of the alkaline slurry at a level sufficient to prevent coagulation of the animal protein.
20 . The process of claim 19 , further comprising drying the alkaline slurry.
21 . The process of claim 19 , wherein the step of increasing the pH of the slurry includes increasing the pH of the slurry to a pH of about 11 to form the alkaline slurry, and wherein the step of maintaining the pH of the alkaline slurry includes reducing the pH of the alkaline slurry from the pH of about 11 to a final pH in the range of about 10 to about 10.5.
22 . The process of claim 19 , wherein the step of increasing the pH of the slurry includes increasing the pH of the slurry to a pH of about 11 to form the alkaline slurry, and wherein the step of maintaining includes maintaining the pH of the alkaline slurry at a pH of about 11.
23 . The process of claim 19 , wherein the step of increasing the pH of the slurry includes increasing the pH of the slurry to a pH of about 11 to form the alkaline slurry, and wherein the step of maintaining includes reducing the pH of the alkaline slurry from the pH of about 11 to a pH in the range of about 7 to about 9.
24 . The process of claim 19 , wherein the alkaline slurry includes animal protein solids in the amount of less than 10 percent by weight of the alkaline slurry.
25 . A process for improving water-binding capacity of a substrate animal muscle, comprising:
providing animal muscle;
adding an aqueous alkaline solution to the animal muscle to form an alkaline slurry, wherein the pH of the aqueous alkaline solution is sufficiently alkaline to solubilize at least a portion of the animal protein in the animal muscle;
maintaining the pH of the alkaline slurry at a level sufficient to prevent coagulation of the animal protein;
drying the alkaline slurry to form a substantially dry particulate animal muscle product;
reconstituting the particulate animal muscle product to form a marinade; and
applying the marinade to a substrate animal muscle.
26 . The process of claim 25 , wherein the alkaline slurry has an initial pH of about 11, wherein the step of maintaining the pH of the alkaline slurry includes adjusting the pH of the alkaline slurry to a pH in the range of about 7 to about 10.5, wherein the alkaline slurry has a pH in the range of about 6.5 to about 10.5 prior to being dried.
27 . The process of claim 26 , wherein the step of maintaining the pH of the alkaline slurry includes adjusting the pH of the alkaline slurry to a pH of about 9, wherein the alkaline slurry has a pH in the range of about 9.5 to about 10.5 prior to being dried.
28 . The process of claim 25 , wherein the alkaline slurry includes animal protein solids in the amount of less than 10 percent by weight of the alkaline slurry.