Plastic baby bottles, other blow molded articles, and processes for their manufacture
The invention is generally directed to baby bottles and other articles produced by blow molding from polymeric materials having glass transition temperatures ranging from 100° C. to 130° C., as well as to processes for producing them. These articles can be exposed to boiling water and can be produced by using a suitable combination of a stretch ratio of less than 3 and a preform temperature at least 20° C. greater than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymeric material.
1. A process for making a baby bottle comprising blow molding a preform made from a polymeric material,
wherein the preform temperature at the time of inflation is at least 20° C. above the Tg temperature of the polymeric material;
wherein the stretch ratio of the baby bottle with respect to the preform is 2.7× or less;
wherein the Tg of the polymeric material is from 100° C. to 130° C.; and
wherein the baby bottle displays shrinkage of 5% or less after immersion in boiling water for one hour.
2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material is selected from a group consisting of polyacrylics, polystyrenes, polyesters; blends thereof, and polycarbonate/polyester blends.
3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material is a polyester composition.
4. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the polyester composition comprises:
(I) at least one polyester, which comprises
(a) a dicarboxylic acid component comprising:
i) 70 to 100 mole % of terephthalic acid residues;
ii) 0 to 30 mole % of aromatic dicarboxylic acid residues having up to 20 carbon atoms; and
iii) 0 to 10 mole % of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residues having up to 16 carbon atoms; and
(b) a glycol component comprising:
i) 10 to 50 mole % of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol residues; and
ii) 50 to 90 mole % of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues,
wherein the total mole % of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %, and the total mole % of the glycol component is 100 mole %;
wherein the inherent viscosity of the polyester is from 0.45 to 1.0 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C.
5. A process according to claim 4 ,
wherein the glycol component of the polyester composition comprises 20 to 45 mole % of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol residues; and 55 to 80 mole % of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues;
wherein the inherent viscosity of the polyester is from 0.55 to 0.80 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C.; and
wherein the polyester has a Tg of from 105 to 125° C.
6. A process according to claim 4 ,
wherein the glycol component of the polyester composition comprises 30 to 40 mole % of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol residues; and 60 to 70 mole % of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues;
wherein the inherent viscosity of the polyester is from 0.58 to 0.74 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C.; and
wherein the polyester has a Tg of from 115 to 125° C.
7. A process according to claim 4 , wherein the glycol component of the polyester composition comprises 33 to 37 mole % of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol residues; and 63 to 67 mole % of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues;
wherein the inherent viscosity of the polyester is from 0.60 to 0.68 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C.; and
wherein the polyester has a Tg of from 118 to 122° C.
8. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the preform temperature at the time of inflation is at least 30° C. above the Tg temperature of the polymeric material.
9. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the preform temperature at the time of inflation is from 30° C. above the Tg temperature of the polymeric material to 70° C. above the Tg temperature of the polymeric material.
10. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the preform temperature at the time of inflation is from 30° C. above the Tg temperature of the polymeric material to 60° C. above the Tg temperature of the polymeric material.
11. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the stretch ratio of the baby bottle with respect to the preform is from 1.2× to 2.7×.
12. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the stretch ratio of the baby bottle with respect to the preform is from 1.2× to 2.5×.
13. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the stretch ratio of the baby bottle with respect to the preform is from 1.2× to 2.0×.
14. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the stretch ratio of the baby bottle with respect to the preform is from 1.3× to 1.7×.
15. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the Tg of the polymeric material is from 105° C. to 125° C.
16. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the Tg of the polymeric material is from 115° C. to 125° C.
17. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the Tg of the polymeric material is from 118° C. to 122° C.
18. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the baby bottle has a shrinkage of 4% or less after immersion in boiling water for one hour.
19. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the baby bottle has a shrinkage of 3% or less after immersion in boiling water for one hour.
20. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the baby bottle has a shrinkage of 2% or less after immersion in boiling water for one hour.
21. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the baby bottle has a shrinkage of 1% or less after immersion in boiling water for one hour.
22. A process according to claim 1 , wherein a side wall of the baby bottle has a transmission ratio of 0.80 or greater after immersion in boiling water for one hour.
23. A process according to claim 1 , wherein a side wall of the baby bottle has a transmission ratio of 0.85 or greater after immersion in boiling water for one hour.
24. A process according to claim 1 , wherein a side wall of the baby bottle has a transmission ratio of 0.90 or greater after immersion in boiling water for one hour.
25. A process according to claim 1 , wherein a side wall of the baby bottle has a transmission ratio of 0.95 or greater after immersion in boiling water for one hour.
26. A process according to claim 1 , wherein a side wall of the baby bottle has a birefringence of 0.02 or less.
27. A process according to claim 1 , wherein a side wall of the baby bottle has a birefringence of 0.015 or less.
28. A process according to claim 1 , wherein a side wall of the baby bottle has a birefringence of 0.01 or less.
29. A process for making a baby bottle comprising blow molding a preform made from a polyester composition,
wherein the preform temperature at the time of inflation is at least 20° C. above the Tg temperature of the polyester composition;
wherein the stretch ratio of the baby bottle with respect to the preform is from 1.2× to 2.5×;
wherein the Tg of the polyester composition is from 105° C. to 125° C.;
wherein the baby bottle displays shrinkage of 5% or less after immersion in boiling water for one hour;
wherein the polyester composition comprises:
(I) at least one polyester, which comprises
(a) a dicarboxylic acid component comprising:
i) 70 to 100 mole % of terephthalic acid residues;
ii) 0 to 30 mole % of aromatic dicarboxylic acid residues having up to 20 carbon atoms; and
iii) 0 to 10 mole % of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residues having up to 16 carbon atoms; and
(b) a glycol component comprising:
i) 30 to 40 mole % of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol residues; and
ii) 60 to 70 mole % of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues,
wherein the total mole % of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %, and the total mole % of the glycol component is 100 mole %;
wherein the inherent viscosity of the polyester is from 0.55 to 0.80 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C.
30. A blow molding process comprising: blow molding a preform into a bottle, wherein the stretch ratio (SR) of said bottle with respect to said preform is 3.0 or less, wherein said preform is formed of a polymeric material having a glass transition temperature (Tg) from 100 to 130° C., wherein the preform temperature at the time of inflation is greater than a calculated preform temperature (CPT) determined by the following equation:
CPT =(45.44)( SR )−(3.36)( Tg )+454.
31. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein the preform temperature at the time of inflation is 1 to 80° C. greater than said calculated preform temperature.
32. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein the preform temperature at the time of inflation is 10 to 70° C. greater than said calculated preform temperature.
33. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein the preform temperature at the time of inflation is 20 to 60° C. greater than said calculated preform temperature.
34. The blow molding process according to claim 30 , wherein the stretch ratio of said bottle with respect to said preform is from 1.2 to 2.5.
35. The blow molding process according to claim 30 , wherein the stretch ratio of said bottle with respect to said preform is from 1.2 to 2.0.
36. The blow molding process according to claim 30 , wherein the stretch ratio of said bottle with respect to said preform is from 1.3 to 1.7.
37. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said bottle displays shrinkage of 5% or less after immersion in boiling water for one hour.
38. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said bottle displays shrinkage of 4% or less after immersion in boiling water for one hour.
39. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said bottle displays shrinkage of 3% or less after immersion in boiling water for one hour.
40. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said bottle displays shrinkage of 2% or less after immersion in boiling water for one hour.
41. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said bottle displays shrinkage of 1% or less after immersion in boiling water for one hour.
42. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said polymeric material has a Tg from 105 to 125° C.
43. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said polymeric material has a Tg from 110 to 125° C.
44. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said polymeric material has a Tg from 115 to 125° C.
45. The blow molding process according to claim 33 wherein said bottle has a transmission ratio of 0.80 or greater.
46. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said bottle has a transmission ratio of 0.90 or greater.
47. The blow molding process according to claim 33 wherein said bottle has a transmission ratio of 0.95 or greater.
48. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said bottle has a birefringence of 0.02 or less.
49. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said bottle has a birefringence of 0.015 or less.
50. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said bottle has a birefringence of 0.01 or less.
51. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said polymeric material has an inherent viscosity from 0.55 to 0.80 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C.
52. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said polymeric material has an inherent viscosity from 0.60 to 0.68 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C.
53. A process according to claim 30 wherein the stretch ratio of said bottle with respect to said preform is 2.0 or less, wherein said bottle displays shrinkage of 3% or less after immersion in boiling water for one hour, wherein said polymeric material has a Tg from 105 to 125° C., wherein said bottle has a transmission ratio of 0.90 or greater, wherein said bottle has a birefringence of 0.015 or less, and wherein said polymeric material has an inherent viscosity from 0.55 to 0.80 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C.
54. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said polymeric material is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylics, polystyrenes, polyesters; blends thereof, and polycarbonate/polyester blends.
55. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said polymeric material comprises a polyester in an amount of at least 95 weight percent based on the total weight of said polymeric material.
56. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said polymeric material comprises a polyester in an amount of at least 99.5 weight percent based on the total weight of said polymeric material.
57. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said polymeric material comprises terephthalic acid residues, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol residues, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues.
58. The blow molding process according to claim 30 wherein said polymeric material comprises at least one polyester, which comprises
(a) a dicarboxylic acid component comprising:
i) 70 to 100 mole % of terephthalic acid residues;
ii) 0 to 30 mole % of aromatic dicarboxylic acid residues having up to 20 carbon atoms; and
iii) 0 to 10 mole % of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residues having up to 16 carbon atoms; and
(b) a glycol component comprising:
i) 10 to 50 mole % of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol residues; and
ii) 50 to 90 mole % of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues,
wherein the total mole % of said dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %, and the total mole % of said glycol component is 100 mole %.
59. The blow molding process according to claim 58 wherein said glycol component of said polyester comprises 20 to 45 mole % of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol residues and 55 to 80 mole % of 1,4cyclohexanedimethanol residues, wherein said polyester has an inherent viscosity from 0.55 to 0.80 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C., and wherein said polyester has a Tg from 105 to 125° C.
60. The blow molding process according to claim 58 wherein said glycol component of said polyester comprises 30 to 40 mole % of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl -1,3-cyclobutanediol residues and 60 to 70 mole % of 1,4cyclohexanedimethanol residues, wherein said polyester has an inherent viscosity from 0.58 to 0.74 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C., and wherein said polyester has a Tg from 115 to 125° C.
61. A process according to claim 60 wherein the stretch ratio of said bottle with respect to said preform is 2.0 or less, wherein said bottle displays shrinkage of 3% or less after immersion in boiling water for one hour, wherein said bottle has a transmission ratio of 0.90 or greater, and wherein said bottle has a birefringence of 0.015 or less.
62. The blow molding process according to claim 61 wherein said bottle is a baby bottle.
63. A blow molding process comprising: blow molding a preform into a bottle, wherein said preform is formed of a polymeric material having a glass transition temperature (Tg) from 100 to 130° C., wherein the preform temperature (PT) at the time of inflation is at least 20° C. above the Tg of said polymeric material, wherein the stretch ratio of said bottle with respect to said preform is less than a calculated stretch ratio (CSR) determined by the following equation:
CSR =(0.022)( PT )+(0.074)( Tg )−10.
64. The blow molding process according to claim 63 wherein said stretch ratio of said bottle with respect to said preform is 20 to 99% of said calculated stretch ratio.
65. The blow molding process according to claim 63 wherein said stretch ratio of said bottle with respect to said preform is 30 to 95% of said calculated stretch ratio.
66. The blow molding process according to claim 63 wherein said stretch ratio of said bottle with respect to said preform is 40 to 90% of said calculated stretch ratio.
67. The blow molding process according to claim 63 wherein said preform temperature at the time of inflation is at least 30° C. above the Tg of said polymeric material.
68. The blow molding process according to claim 63 wherein said preform temperature at the time of inflation is from 30° C. above the Tg of said polymeric material to 70° C. above the Tg of said polymeric material.
69. The blow molding process according to claim 63 wherein said bottle displays shrinkage of 5% or less after immersion in boiling water for one hour.
70. The blow molding process according to claim 63 wherein said bottle displays shrinkage of 3% or less after immersion in boiling water for one hour.
71. The blow molding process according to claim 63 wherein said polymeric material has a Tg from 105 to 125° C.
72. The blow molding process according to claim 63 wherein said bottle has a transmission ratio of 0.90 or greater.
73. The blow molding process according to claim 63 wherein said bottle has a transmission ratio of 0.95 or greater.
74. The blow molding process according to claim 63 wherein said bottle has a birefringence of 0.02 or less.
75. The blow molding process according to claim 63 wherein said bottle has a birefringence of 0.015 or less.
76. The blow molding process according to claim 63 wherein said polymeric material has an inherent viscosity from 0.55 to 0.80 dL/g as determined in 60/40 (wt/wt) phenol/tetrachloroethane at a concentration of 0.5 g/100 ml at 25° C.
77. The blow molding process according to claim 63 wherein said polymeric material comprises terephthalic acid residues, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol residues, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues.
78. The blow molding process according to claim 63 wherein said polymeric material comprises at least one polyester, which comprises
(a) a dicarboxylic acid component comprising:
i) 70 to 100 mole % of terephthalic acid residues;
ii) 0 to 30 mole % of aromatic dicarboxylic acid residues having up to 20 carbon atoms; and
iii) 0 to 10 mole % of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residues having up to 16 carbon atoms; and
(b) a glycol component comprising:
i) 10 to 50 mole % of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol residues; and
ii) 50 to 90 mole % of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol residues,
wherein the total mole % of said dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %, and the total mole % of said glycol component is 100 mole %.
79. The blow molding process according to claim 78 wherein said glycol component of said polyester comprises 30 to 40 mole % of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol residues and 60 to 70 mole % of 1,4cyclohexanedimethanol residues.
80. The blow molding process according to claim 63 wherein said bottle is a baby bottle.