Screen changer
The invention relates to a screen changer in a system that processes flowable plastic. The screen changer includes an element, such as a portafilter, that is movable between two positions; two hydraulic pumps that effect position change of the screen changer; and a motor that operates both pumps. One pump provides greater flow volume and the other provides a lower flow volume, but with greater pressure. A non-return valve in the supply line to the hydraulic cylinder controls flow to the cylinder that moves the movable element between positions. The volume pump is used to move the movable element when resistance to movement of the screen is low and the high-pressure pump to move the element when resistance is high. The non-return valve selectively enables or interrupts flow from the pumps to the hydraulic cylinder. The screen changer allows use of a non-pressurized hydraulic fluid reservoir.
1. A screen changer for apparatus that processes a flowable plastic material, the screen changer comprising:
a movable element in the form of a portafilter constructed as a slide plate that is movable along a path between two positions;
a hydraulic cylinder for moving the movable element along the path;
a supply line for providing hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic cylinder;
a first hydraulic pump disposed within a reservoir containing hydraulic fluid, designated a volume pump and having a first volume capacity and a first pressure capacity, for pumping hydraulic fluid from the reservoir through the supply line;
a second hydraulic pump disposed within the reservoir, designated a high pressure pump and having a second volume capacity that is lower than the first volume capacity and a second pressure capacity that is higher than the first pressure capacity, for pumping hydraulic fluid from the reservoir into the supply line;
a non-return valve in the supply line, the non-return valve selectively opening or interrupting a hydraulic flow path between the volume pump and the hydraulic cylinder;
a high pressure line which bypasses the non-return valve and feeds hydraulic fluid from the high pressure pump into the supply line downstream from the non-return valve;
a relief valve connected to the supply line upstream of the non-return valve, so that when the non-return valve is closed, the first hydraulic pump delivers hydraulic fluid in a closed bypass loop back to the reservoir, without the hydraulic fluid reaching the hydraulic cylinder, wherein the relief valve is configured to open at a switching pressure, which is adjustable, and the switching pressure prevails in the supply line when the non-return valve is closed and the first hydraulic pump is switched on, and wherein the relief valve is configured to close when the non-return valve opens and pressure in the supply line falls below the switching pressure;
two feed and return lines connected to the hydraulic cylinder; and
a reversing valve downstream from the non-return valve and fed by the supply line for selectively feeding flow volume created by the first and second hydraulic pumps into one or the other of the two feed and return lines, such that one of the two feed and return lines can selectively serve as the feed line and the other as the return line, whereby the direction of movement of the hydraulic cylinder is determined by selecting the feed line and the return line, respectively.
2. The screen changer of claim 1 , further comprising a motor, wherein the motor simultaneously drives the volume pump and the high-pressure pump.
3. The screen changer of claim 1 , wherein the high-pressure line extends from the high-pressure pump to the supply line and discharges into the supply line downstream of the non-return valve.
4. The screen changer of claim 1 , wherein the non-return valve is constructed as a check valve; and wherein the check valve opens automatically when an overpressure prevails upstream of the check valve and closes automatically when an overpressure prevails downstream of the check valve.
5. The screen changer of claim 1 , wherein the relief valve is placed in a backflow line and wherein the backflow line discharges hydraulic fluid into the reservoir.
6. The screen changer of claim 5 , wherein the reservoir is a non-pressurized hydraulic fluid reservoir.
7. The screen changer of claim 5 , wherein the first hydraulic pump and the second hydraulic pump each draw fluid from the hydraulic fluid reservoir, independently of each other.
8. The screen changer of claim 5 , wherein the first hydraulic pump and the second hydraulic pump simultaneously pump fluid.