Solid-bowl centrifuge having a liquid discharge sealed such that a pond level in a separation space remains unchanged when pressurization occurs
A solid-bowl screw centrifuge includes a rotatable drum having a horizontal axis of rotation, which drum surrounds a centrifuging space. Further included is a screw which is arranged within the drum, the screw being rotatable at a different speed relative to the drum. Further included is at least one liquid discharge sealed from its surroundings and at least one solid discharge in a tapering region of the drum. Also included is an immersion disk on the screw which disk lies between a liquid feed and the solid discharge and divides the centrifuging space into a discharge space between the immersion disk and the solid discharge, and a separation space between the immersion disk and the liquid discharge. The centrifuge includes a device for charging the separation space with a gas. A process for operating for the solid-bowl centrifuge is also disclosed.
1. A solid-bowl screw centrifuge comprising:
a rotatable drum having a horizontal axis of rotation, the rotatable drum surrounding a centrifuging space and including at least a tapering portion;
a screw is arranged in the drum, the screw being rotatable at a differential speed in relation to the drum;
at least one solid-material discharge located in the tapering portion of the drum;
an immersion disk on the screw, which disk lies between a liquid feed and the solid-material discharge and subdivides the centrifuging space into a discharge space located between the immersion disk and the solid-material discharge and a separating space located between the immersion disk and a liquid discharge;
a device for admitting a gas to the separation space, the device including a pressure control unit and a regulating device to measure and control a pressure in the separation space; and
wherein
the liquid discharge is sealed from its surroundings in such a way that when gas pressure is admitted under measurement and control of the pressure control unit and the regulating device, a level R 1 of a pond SP in a region of the separation space remains unchanged when the pressurization occurs via the gas entering the separation space via a feed line.
2. The solid-bowl screw centrifuge as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the device for admitting a gas to the separation space includes the feed line into the separation space, which feed line, during operation, opens out into the separation space on a radius that is less than the radius of the liquid level R 1 .
3. The solid-bowl screw centrifuge as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the device for admitting a gas to the separation space is connected to the feed line into the separation space.
4. The solid-bowl screw centrifuge as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the measuring device measures the pressure in the separation space by a bore into the separation space.
5. The solid-bowl screw centrifuge as claimed in claim 1 , the drum further including a cylindrical portion and wherein the immersion disk is arranged on the screw in a transitional region between the tapering portion and the cylindrical portion of the drum.
6. The solid-bowl screw centrifuge as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the immersion disk has a radius which is greater than a radius, R 4 up to which the solid-material discharge extends as a maximum.
7. The solid-bowl screw centrifuge as claimed in claim 1 , wherein an end on a liquid side of the separation space is sealed from its surroundings.
8. The solid-bowl screw centrifuge as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the liquid discharge includes and takes place by at least one peeling disk.
9. The solid-bowl screw centrifuge as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a hydrohermetic chamber is arranged upstream of the liquid discharge.
10. The solid-bowl screw centrifuge as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the tapering portion is a conically formed portion.
11. The solid-bowl screw centrifuge as claimed in claim 10 , wherein a conicity angle α between the horizontal axis of the drum and the conical portion is 10° to 90°.
12. The solid-bowl screw centrifuge as claimed in claim 10 , wherein ambient pressure prevails in the discharge space.
13. The solid-bowl screw centrifuge of claim 10 , wherein a conicity angle α between the horizontal axis of the drum and the conical portion is more than 15°.
14. The solid-bowl screw centrifuge of claim 10 , wherein a conicity angle α between the horizontal axis of the drum and the conical portion is more than 30°.
15. A process for operating a solid-bowl centrifuge, the process steps comprising:
providing a solid-bowl centrifuge that includes
a rotatable drum having a horizontal axis of rotation, the rotatable drum surrounding a centrifugal space and having a tapering portion,
a screw arranged in the drum and rotatable at a differential speed in relation to the drum,
at least one liquid discharge which is sealed from its surroundings,
at least one solid-material discharge located in the tapering portion of the drum,
an immersion disk on the screw, which disk lies between a liquid feed and the at least one solid-material discharge, the immersion disk subdividing the centrifuging space into a discharge space between the immersion disk and the at least one solid-material discharge and a separating space between the immersion disk and the at least one liquid discharge, and
a device to admit gas to the separation space;
feeding a material to be centrifuged into the centrifuge via an inlet tube;
operating the centrifuge;
applying pressure to the separation space via a feed line wherein a level of a pond in a region of the separation space remains unchanged; and
further comprising the process steps of keeping constant a differential speed between the screw and the drum and providing a pressure control unit to measure a torque between the drum and the screw, which torque is used as a measure of a degree of filling of solid material in the drum, wherein the measurement of the pressure control unit is evaluated and used as a control signal for a setpoint value of the applied pressure.
16. The process as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the applied pressure to the separation space via the feed line is an applied pressure that is other than ambient pressure.
17. The process as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the applied pressure is between 0 and 10 bar.
18. The process as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the applied pressure is between 0.5 and 5 bar.
19. The process as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the applied pressure to the separation space is measured via a bore.
20. The process as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the applied pressure in the separation space is set in such a way that a level R 2 of a solid phase in the discharge space is less than a solid-material discharge level R 4 , at which level R 4 the solid-material discharge of the drum lies.
21. The process as claimed in claim 15 , wherein an amount of discharged solid-material is controlled by a variation of the applied pressure in the separation space.