DETECTION OF STEROID RECEPTORS ON CIRCULATING CARCINOMA CELLS AND TREATMENT
The expression of a steroid receptor from circulating carcinoma cells in a blood sample is detected by isolating the carcinoma cells from the blood sample, making an extract from the isolated carcinoma cells and then performing on the extract a sensitive immunoassay capable of detecting the carcinoma cell-associated steroid receptor. A positive result indicates the presence of the steroid receptor in the carcinoma cells. This method can be used to identify cancer patients who are likely to benefit from treatment with an endocrine therapeutic agent.
1 . A method of detecting the expression of a steroid receptor from circulating carcinoma cells in a blood sample comprising isolating the carcinoma cells from the blood sample followed by making an extract from the isolated carcinoma cells followed by performing on the extract an immunoassay capable of detecting said steroid receptor, in which a positive immunoassay result indicates the presence of the steroid receptor in the carcinoma cells;
wherein the carcinoma cells are breast cancer cells and the steroid receptor is selected from the group consisting of estrogen receptor-alpha, estrogen receptor-beta, progesterone receptor, and androgen receptor, or the carcinoma cells are prostate cancer cells and the steroid receptor is androgen receptor;
wherein the immunoassay has a sensitivity defined by being capable of detecting the steroid receptor from nine hundred MCF-7 carcinoma cells which are spiked into a milliliter of a blood sample from a person without carcinoma, or by being capable of detecting 4 pg of the steroid receptor.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the immunoassay is capable of detecting the steroid receptor from five hundred MCF-7 carcinoma cells which are spiked into a milliliter of a blood sample from a person without carcinoma.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the immunoassay is capable of detecting the steroid receptor from one hundred MCF-7 carcinoma cells which are spiked into a milliliter of a blood sample from a person without breast carcinoma.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the immunoassay is capable of detecting the steroid receptor from thirty MCF-7 carcinoma cells spiked into a milliliter of a blood sample from a person without breast carcinoma.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the immunoassay uses electrochemiluminescence for detection.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the immunoassay uses a technique selected from chemiluminescence, fluorogenic chemiluminescence, fluorescence polarization, and time-resolved fluorescence for detection.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the immunoassay uses a polyclonal antibody against the steroid receptor.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the immunoassay uses a first polyclonal antibody against the N-terminal region of the steroid receptor and a second polyclonal antibody against the C-terminal region of the steroid receptor.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the immunoassay uses a monoclonal antibody against the steroid receptor.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the carcinoma cells are isolated by contacting the blood with immunomagnetic beads capable of binding selectively to the carcinoma cells.
11 . A method of claim 1 wherein the steroid receptor is estrogen receptor-alpha.
12 . A method of claim 1 wherein the steroid receptor is progesterone receptor.
13 . A method of identifying a cancer patient likely to benefit from treatment with an endocrine therapeutic agent, comprising the method of claim 1 , wherein the carcinoma cell-containing blood sample is drawn from the patient.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein tumor tissue from the patient has been previously determined immunohistochemically to be negative for expression of the steroid receptor.
15 . A method of treating a cancer patient likely to benefit from treatment with an endocrine therapeutic agent, comprising administering the anticancer agent to the patient identified according to the method of claim 13 , thereby treating the patient.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the endocrine therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of tamoxifen, an aromatase inhibitor, and fulvestrant.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the aromatase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane, and fadrozole.