Method of increasing the conversion efficiency of an EUV and/or soft X-ray lamp and a corresponding apparatus
The present invention relates to a method of increasing the conversion efficiency of an EUV and/or soft X-ray lamp, in which a discharge plasma ( 8 ) emitting EUV radiation or soft X-rays is generated in a gaseous medium formed by an evaporated liquid material in a discharge space, said liquid material being provided on a surface in the discharge space and being at least partially evaporated by an energy beam ( 9 ). The invention also refers to a corresponding apparatus for producing EUV radiation and/or soft X-rays. In the method, a gas ( 11 ) composed of chemical elements having a lower mass number than chemical elements of the liquid material is supplied through at least one nozzle ( 10 ) in a directed manner to the discharge space and/or to the liquid material on a supply path to the discharge space in order to reduce the density of the evaporated liquid material in the discharge space. With the present method and corresponding apparatus the conversion efficiency of the lamp is increased.
1. A method of increasing conversion efficiency of lamp, in which a discharge plasma emitting EUV radiation and soft X-rays is generated in a gaseous medium formed by an evaporated liquid material in a discharge space, said liquid material being provided on a surface in the discharge space and being at least partially evaporated by an energy beam, comprising
supplying a gas composed of chemical elements having a lower mass number than chemical elements of the liquid material through at least one nozzle in a directed manner locally to at least one of: (1) the discharge space, and (2) the liquid material on a supply path to the discharge space, such that a density of the evaporated liquid material in the discharge space is reduced.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said liquid material is evaporated by at least one laser pulse.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said liquid material is a metal melt.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said gas is oxygen.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the oxygen gas is supplied to the liquid material so as to react with the liquid material and produce a metal oxide on the surface on which the liquid material is provided.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said liquid material is supplied to the discharge space by at least one rotating wheel, and the at least one nozzle is arranged to supply said gas in a directed manner to a surface of the wheel which is covered with said liquid material.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid material is a tin melt.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising supplying the gas through the at least one nozzle in a directed manner onto the surface on which the liquid material is provided at a region of the surface that is not located at the discharge space.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing the at least one nozzle at a distance of no more than 10 mm from the surface on which the liquid material is provided.
10. An apparatus, comprising
at least two electrodes arranged at a distance from one another to allow the generation of a plasma in a gaseous medium in a discharge space between said electrodes, a device for applying a liquid material to a surface in said discharge space and an energy beam device adapted to direct an energy beam ( 9 ) onto said surface evaporating said applied liquid material at least partially, thereby producing said gaseous medium, and
at least one nozzle configured to supply a gas locally in a directed manner to at least one of: (1) the discharge space, and the liquid material on a supply path to the discharge space, such that a density of the evaporated liquid material in the discharge space is reduced.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein said device for applying a liquid material is adapted to apply the liquid material to a surface of said electrodes.
12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11 , wherein said electrodes are rotatable wheels which can be made to rotate during operation.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein said electrodes dip, while rotating, into containers containing the liquid material.
14. The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising a container of tin melt as the liquid material, and wherein the device for applying the liquid material to the surface obtains the liquid material from the container.
15. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the at least one nozzle is configured to supply the gas in a directed manner onto the surface on which the liquid material is provided at a region of the surface that is not located at the discharge space.
16. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the at least one nozzle is configured to supply the gas as oxygen gas to the liquid material so as to react with the liquid material and produce a metal oxide on the surface on which the liquid material is provided.
17. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the at least one nozzle is disposed at a distance of no more than 10 mm from the surface on which the liquid material is provided.