Single-molecule PCR on microparticles in water-in-oil emulsions
Modulation of the viscosity of the oil phase of a microemulsion used for amplification of DNA on a bead increases the homogeneity of product beads and the amount of amplified DNA per bead. Moreover the number of separate microemulsion populations that can be formed in parallel is increased using multi-well plates and mixer mill disruptor machines designed to lyse biological samples.
1. A method for analyzing nucleotide sequence variations, comprising:
forming microemulsions comprising an oil phase and an aqueous phase, wherein the aqueous phase comprises one or more species of analyte DNA molecules, wherein the aqueous phase comprises from 10-30% (v/v) of the microemulsions and the oil phase comprises from 70-90% (v/v) of the microemulsions; wherein the oil phase comprises one or more low viscosity hydrocarbons with a viscosity less than 20 mPas at 25° C. in an amount from 60-85% (v/v) of the oil phase, one or more high viscosity hydrocarbons having a viscosity of greater than 20 mPas at 25° C. in an amount from 10-30% (v/v), and an emulsifier in an amount from 5-10% (v/v);
amplifying analyte DNA molecules in the microemulsions in the presence of reagent beads, wherein the reagent beads are bound to a plurality of molecules of a primer for amplifying the analyte DNA molecules, whereby product beads are formed which are bound to a plurality of copies of one species of analyte DNA molecule;
separating the product beads from analyte DNA molecules which are not bound to product beads;
determining a sequence feature of the one species of analyte DNA molecule which is bound to the product beads.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the microemulsions are formed with the high viscosity hydrocarbons in an amount from 15-25% (v/v) of the oil phase.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the microemulsions are formed with the high viscosity hydrocarbons in an amount from 17-23% (v/v) of the oil phase.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein a plurality of separate microemulsion populations are formed simultaneously in a multi-well plate using a tissue mixer mill disruptor and a metal ball in each well.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the low viscosity hydrocarbons comprise an oxygen moiety selected from the group consisting of: a hydroxyl, an ester, an ether, and a carboxylic acid.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the high viscosity hydrocarbons have a viscosity of 20-30 mPas at 25° C.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the high viscosity hydrocarbons have a viscosity of 20-25 mPas at 25° C.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the high viscosity hydrocarbons have a viscosity of 22-26 mPas at 25° C.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the low viscosity hydrocarbons are selected from the group consisting of: 4-glyceryl isostearate, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, cetyl propylene glycol, hexyl laureate, diethyl hexylcarbonate, and mixtures thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the low viscosity hydrocarbons have a viscosity of less than 15 mPas at 25° C.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the low viscosity hydrocarbons have a viscosity of less than 10 mPas at 25° C.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the low viscosity hydrocarbons have a viscosity of less than 5 mPas at 25° C.
13. A method for isolating nucleotide sequence variants, comprising:
forming microemulsions comprising an oil phase and an aqueous phase, wherein the aqueous phase comprises one or more species of analyte DNA molecules, wherein the aqueous phase comprises from 10-30% (v/v) of the microemulsions and the oil phase comprises from 70-90% (v/v) of the microemulsions; wherein the oil phase comprises one or more low viscosity hydrocarbons with a viscosity less than 20 mPas at 25° C. in an amount from 60-85% (v/v) of the oil phase, one or more high viscosity hydrocarbons having a viscosity of greater than 20 mPas at 25° C. in an amount from 10-30% (v/v), and an emulsifier in an amount from 5-10% (v/v);
amplifying analyte DNA molecules in the microemulsions in the presence of reagent beads, wherein the reagent beads are bound to a plurality of molecules of a primer for amplifying the analyte DNA molecules, whereby product beads are formed which are bound to a plurality of copies of one species of analyte DNA molecule;
separating the product beads from analyte DNA molecules which are not bound to product beads;
isolating product beads which are bound to a plurality of copies of a first species of analyte DNA molecule from product beads which are bound to a plurality of copies of a second species of analyte DNA molecule.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the microemulsions are formed with the high viscosity hydrocarbons in an amount from 15-25% (v/v) of the oil phase.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein the microemulsions are formed with the high viscosity hydrocarbons in an amount from 17-23% (v/v) of the oil phase.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein a plurality of separate microemulsion populations are formed simultaneously in a multi-well plate using a tissue mixer mill disruptor and a metal ball in each well.
17. The method of claim 13 wherein the low viscosity hydrocarbons comprise an oxygen moiety selected from the group consisting of: a hydroxyl, an ester, an ether, and a carboxylic acid.
18. The method of claim 13 wherein the high viscosity hydrocarbons have a viscosity of 20-30 mPas at 25° C.
19. The method of claim 13 wherein the high viscosity hydrocarbons have a viscosity of 20-25 mPas at 25° C.
20. The method of claim 1 wherein the high viscosity hydrocarbons have a viscosity of 22-26 mPas at 25° C.
21. The method of claim 13 wherein the low viscosity hydrocarbons are selected from the group consisting of: 4-glyceryl isostearate, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, cetyl propylene glycol, hexyl laureate, diethyl hexylcarbonate, and mixtures thereof.
22. The method of claim 13 wherein the low viscosity hydrocarbons have a viscosity of less than 15 mPas at 25° C.
23. The method of claim 13 wherein the low viscosity hydrocarbons have a viscosity of less than 10 mPas at 25° C.
24. The method of claim 13 wherein the low viscosity hydrocarbons have a viscosity of less than 5 mPas at 25° C.
25. In a method for analyzing nucleotide sequence variations in which microemulsions comprising one or more species of analyte DNA molecules are formed, the analyte DNA molecules in the microemulsions are amplified in the presence of reagent beads, wherein the reagent beads are bound to a plurality of molecules of a primer for amplifying the analyte DNA molecules, whereby product beads are formed which are bound to a plurality of copies of one species of analyte DNA molecule, the product beads are separated from analyte DNA molecules which are not bound to product beads, and a sequence feature of the one species of analyte DNA molecule which is bound to the product beads is determined, the improvement comprising:
forming a plurality of separate microemulsion populations simultaneously in a multi-well plate using a tissue mixer mill disruptor and a single metal ball per well.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein the microemulsions comprising an oil phase and an aqueous phase, wherein the aqueous phase comprises one or more species of analyte DNA molecules, wherein the aqueous phase comprises from 10-30% (v/v) of the microemulsions and the oil phase comprises from 70-90% (v/v) of the microemulsions; wherein the oil phase comprises one or more low viscosity hydrocarbons with a viscosity less than 20 mPas at 25° C. in an amount from 60-85% (v/v) of the oil phase, one or more high viscosity hydrocarbons having a viscosity of greater than 20 mPas at 25° C. in an amount from 10-30% (v/v), and an emulsifier in an amount from 5-10% (v/v).