Continuous method for producing acyl peroxides
The invention relates to a continuous method for producing acyl peroxides. According to said method, an acyl chloride, carboxylic acid anhydride or chloroformate is reacted with an organic hydroperoxide or hydrogen peroxide in at least two mixed reaction zones that are connected in series, the acyl compound, the peroxy compound and an aqueous solution of a base being supplied to the first reaction zone. The first reaction zone comprises a cycle for the two-phase reaction mixture via a heat exchanger in which the reaction mixture is cooled. The method allows the reaction to be carried out reliably and with high space-time yields.
1. A continuous process for preparing an acyl peroxide comprising: feeding an acyl compound, a peroxygen compound and an aqueous solution of a base to a first mixed reaction zone, wherein said acyl compound is selected from the group consisting of an acid chloride, a carboxylic anhydride and a chloroformate, and said peroxygen compound is selected from the group consisting of an organic hydroperoxide and a hydrogen peroxide; to form a biphasic reaction mixture; wherein said first mixed reaction zone is connected in series to a second mixed reaction zone, wherein said first mixed reaction zone contains a heat exchanger through which said biphasic reaction mixture is circulated and cooled and wherein said first mixed reaction zone is a loop reactor.
2. The continuous process of claim 1 , further comprising withdrawing circulating reaction mixture from said first mixed reaction zone wherein the ratio of remaining circulating reaction mixture to said withdrawn reaction mixture is at least 2.
3. The continuous process of claim 1 , further comprising withdrawing circulating reaction mixture from said first mixed reaction zone wherein the ratio of remaining circulating reaction mixture to said withdrawn reaction mixture is at least 5.
4. The continuous process of claim 1 , wherein said heat exchanger comprises a cooling area and the ratio between said cooling area and the first mixed reaction zone is at least 1.5 m2/m3.
5. The continuous process of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture is conveyed through said heat exchanger with a pump.
6. The continuous process of claim 5 , comprising conveying said reaction mixture through a pluralities of channels or gaps of said heat exchanger, said channels or gaps having a hydraulic diameter of less than 50 mm.
7. The continuous process of claim 1 , wherein said first mixed reaction zone comprises a mixer and said acyl compound is added upstream of said mixer.
8. The continuous process of claim 1 , comprising adding said acyl compound into the first mixed reaction zone at a flow rate more than 0.5 m /s.
9. The continuous process of claim 1 , wherein the acyl peroxide is a liquid and the circulating process is carried out without addition of a solvent.
10. The continuous process of claim 1 , wherein said continuous process is carried out in more than two mixed reaction zones connected in series, and the second and all following reaction zones are stirred cell reactors.
11. The continuous process of claim 1 , wherein the acyl compound is an acid chloride selected from the group consisting of an acetyl chloride, a propionyl chloride, a butyryl chloride, an isobutyryl chloride, a valeroyl chloride, a 2-methylbutyryl chloride, a pivaloyl chloride, a 2-methylpentanoyl chloride, a 2-ethylbutyryl chloride, a 2-ethylhexanoyl chloride, a nonanoyl chloride, a 2,4,4-trimethylpentanoyl chloride, a 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl chloride, a decanoyl chloride, a neodecanoyl chloride, a lauroyl chloride, a benzoyl chloride, a 2-methylbenzoyl chloride, a 4-methylbenzoyl chloride, a 4-chlorobenzoyl chloride, a 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride and a naphthoyl chloride.
12. The continuous process of claim 1 , wherein the acyl compound is a chloroformate selected from the group consisting of a methyl chloroformate, an ethyl chloroformate, a n-propyl chloroformate, an isopropyl chloroformate, a n-butyl chloroformate, a sec-butyl chloroformate, a 2-ethylhexyl chloroformate, an isotridecyl chloroformate, a myristyl chloroformate, a cetyl chloroformate, a stearyl chloroformate, a cyclohexyl chloroformate, a 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl chloroformate, a benzyl chloroformate and a 2-phenoxy-ethyl chloroformate.
13. The continuous process of claim 1 , wherein the peroxygen compound is an organic hydroperoxide selected from the group consisting of a tert-butyl hydroperoxide, a tert-amyl hydroperoxide, a 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl hydroperoxide, a 2,5-dimethylhexane 2,5-dihydroperoxide, a 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne 2,5-dihydroperoxide, a p-menthane hydroperoxide, a pinane hydroperoxide, a tetralin hydroperoxide, a cumene hydroperoxide, a 4-tert-butylcumene hydroperoxide, a 1,3-diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide and a 1,4-diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide.