Method for producing high molecular weight reduced viscosity starch pastes
Disclosed herein are methods of making high molecular weight, reduced viscosity starch pastes by enzymatic conversion. The methods provide a process for producing enzyme-thinned starch pastes that have improved molecular weight distributions, i.e., starch pastes having a more mid to high molecular weight content and less low molecular weight sugars than traditional enzyme converted pastes at similar solids and viscosity. In some embodiments, the methods utilize an enzyme capable of producing longer-chain oligosaccharides rather than low-molecular weight sugars. Other embodiments utilize a combination of enzymes to provide low viscosity pastes that are stabilized against setback and retrogradation. Furthermore, the methods may utilize a continuous starch enzyme cooker for the production of the high molecular weight, reduced viscosity starch pastes.
1. A method for producing a high molecular weight, hydrolyzed, reduced viscosity starch paste comprising:
(a) heating a composition comprising starch and water at a temperature sufficient to gelatinize the starch;
(b) adding one or more starch hydrolyzing enzymes wherein at least one of the starch hydrolyzing enzymes has endoamylase activity,
(c) adding a transaglucosidase enzyme,
wherein the enzymes added to the composition produce long-chain oligosaccharides;
(d) inactivating the enzymes in the paste; and
(e) recovering the hydrolyzed, reduced viscosity starch paste, wherein at least 20% by weight of the starch hydrolysates in the paste have a molecular weight distribution from 10,000 to 200,000 and fewer than 5% by weight of the starch hydrolysates have a molecular weight distribution less than 10,000.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one starch hydrolyzing enzyme added in step (b) is an α-amylase which hydrolyzes random a-D-1,4-glycosidic bonds in glucose polymers.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the α-amylase added in step (b) is an endoamylase derived from Bacillus licheniformis.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the one or more starch hydrolyzing enzymes of step (b) is added in an amount sufficient to produce a starch paste with a viscosity from about 50 to 500 cps at 80° C. at about 10% to 25% solids.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the one or more starch hydrolyzing enzymes of step (b) is added in an amount sufficient to produce a starch paste with a viscosity from about 50 to 500 cps at 80° C. at about 16% solids.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a step of adding a starch modifying enzyme.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the starch modifying enzyme is selected from the group consisting of: α-amylase, beta amylase, glucoamylase, pullulanase, isoamylase, and mixtures thereof.
8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the starch modifying enzyme is added after inactivating the one or more starch hydrolyzing enzymes having endoamylase activity.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the recovered starch paste has a lower setback and retrogradation compared to a starch paste where no transglucosidase is added.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of shearing the starch paste in order to further reduce the viscosity of the paste.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzymes are inactivated by reducing the pH, by increasing the temperature, by adding an inhibiting salt, or combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the starch of step (a) is a chemically modified starch or a physically modified starch.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the chemically modified starch is a derivatized starch, a crosslinked starch, or a converted starch.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the physically modified starch is a heat treated starch.
15. A method for producing a high molecular weight, hydrolyzed, reduced viscosity starch paste comprising:
(a) heating a composition comprising starch and water at a temperature sufficient to gelatinize the starch;
(b) adding one or more starch hydrolyzing enzymes to the composition, wherein at least one of the starch hydrolyzing enzymes has endoamylase activity;
(c) inactivating the one or more starch hydrolyzing enzymes;
(d) adding a transglucosidase enzyme to the composition; and
(e) recovering the hydrolyzed, reduced viscosity starch paste, wherein at least 20% by weight of the starch hydrolysates in the paste have a molecular weight distribution from 10,000 to 200,000 and fewer than 5% by weight of the starch hydrolysates have a molecular weight distribution less than 10,000.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the recovered starch paste has a lower setback and retrogradation compared to a starch paste where no transglucosidase is added.
17. A continuous method for producing a high molecular weight, hydrolyzed, reduced viscosity starch paste comprising:
(a) mixing a composition comprising granular starch and water to prepare a composition comprised of starch solids;
(b) adding starch hydrolyzing enzymes to the composition, wherein the starch hydrolyzing enzymes have endoamylase and transglucosidase activities, and produce long-chain oligosaccharides;
(c) jet-cooking the composition of step (b) in a first jet-cooker to a temperature from about 160° F. to 210° F.;
(d) maintaining the composition for a hold time from about 5 to 60 minutes;
(e) jet-cooking the composition in a second jet-cooker to a temperature of from about 250° F. to 300° F.;
(f) recovering the hydrolyzed, reduced viscosity starch paste, wherein at least 20% by weight of the starch hydrolysates in the paste have a molecular weight distribution from 10,000 to 200,000 and fewer than 5% by weight of the starch hydrolysates have a molecular weight distribution less than 10,000.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the composition further comprises calcium carbonate.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the calcium carbonate is added from about 100 to 1200 ppm calcium relative to starch solids.