Process for producing ethanol from corn dry milling
A process for producing ethanol by the conversion of carbohydrates from a corn dry milling process in which the bottoms fraction from distillation of ethanol in a conventional yeast fermentation is used in a process including a combination of biochemical and synthetic conversions. The process results in high yield ethanol production with concurrent production of high value coproducts. An acetic acid intermediate is produced from bottoms fraction, followed by conversion of the acetic acid into ethanol using esterification and hydrogenation reactions. Coproducts of the process include a high protein content solids fraction produced in the fermentation.
1. A process for upgrading the unfermented fraction of corn from a yeast fermentation based corn dry milling ethanol process, comprising:
a. hydrolyzing an unfermented fraction of corn from a yeast fermentation based corn dry milling ethanol process;
b. separating the hydrolyzed unfermented fraction into a solids fraction and a liquid hydrolyzate;
c. culturing a microorganism in the liquid hydrolyzate; and
d. wherein the solids fraction has an increased protein content compared to the unfermented fraction.
2. The process, as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the protein content of the solids fraction is at least about 35% protein on a dry weight basis.
3. The process, as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the protein content of the solids fraction is at least about 45% protein on a dry weight basis.
4. The process, as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the protein content of the solids fraction is at least about 50% protein on a dry weight basis.
5. The process, as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of hydrolyzing the unfermented fraction comprises enzymatic hydrolysis.
6. The process, as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of hydrolyzing comprises contacting the unfermented fraction with a xylanase.
7. The process, as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of hydrolyzing comprises contacting the unfermented fraction with a cellulase.
8. The process, as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of drying the solids fraction.
9. The process, as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the microorganism is homofermentative.
10. The process, as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of culturing produces acetate, acetic acid, or mixtures thereof.
11. The process, as claimed in claim 10 , further comprising chemically converting the acetate, acetic acid or mixtures thereof to an ester of acetic acid.
12. The process, as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the unfermented fraction comprises a bottoms fraction produced by distilling ethanol from the yeast fermentation.
13. A process for upgrading the unfermented fraction of corn from a yeast fermentation based corn dry milling ethanol process, comprising:
a. hydrolyzing an unfermented fraction of corn from a yeast fermentation based corn dry milling ethanol process, wherein the step of hydrolyzing comprises enzymatic hydrolysis;
b. separating the hydrolyzed unfermented fraction into a solids fraction, comprising at least about 35% protein on a dry weight basis and a liquid hydrolyzate;
c. culturing a microorganism in the liquid hydrolyzate; and
d. wherein the solids fraction has an increased protein content compared to the unfermented fraction.
14. The process, as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the protein of the solids fraction is at least about 45% protein on a dry weight basis.
15. The process, as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the protein of the solids fraction is at least about 50% protein on a dry weight basis.
16. The process, as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the step of hydrolyzing comprises contacting the unfermented fraction with a xylanase.
17. The process, as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the step of hydrolyzing comprises contacting the unfermented fraction with a cellulase.
18. The process, as claimed in claim 13 , further comprising the step of drying the solids fraction.
19. The process, as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the microorganism is homofermentative.
20. The process, as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the step of culturing produces acetate, acetic acid, or mixtures thereof.
21. The process, as claimed in claim 20 , further comprising chemically converting the acetate, acetic acid or mixtures thereof to an ester of acetic acid.
22. The process, as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the unfermented fraction comprises a bottoms fraction produced by distilling ethanol from the yeast fermentation.