Method of manufacture of composite armor material
An armor material and method of manufacturing utilize nano- and/or microlaminate materials. In one embodiment, the armor material comprises a layered composite material including a strike face, a core layer, and a spall liner. The strike face achieves hardness and toughness by the controlled placement of hard and tough constituent materials through the use of nano- and/or microlaminate materials. The core layer achieves energy absorption through the use of nano- or microlaminated coated compliant materials. The spall liner provides reinforcement through the use of nano- or microlaminated fiber reinforced panels. In one embodiment, nano- and/or microlaminated materials can be manufactured through the use of electrodeposition techniques.
1. A method for producing a composite armor material comprising a strike face region, a core region, and a spall liner region, the method comprising: i) providing an electrolyte containing one or more electrodepositable species; ii) providing a reticulated foam porous substrate; iii) immersing the porous substrate in the electrolyte; iv) passing an electric current through the porous substrate so as to deposit a metal material onto the porous substrate and changing one or more plating parameters in predetermined durations between a first value which is known to produce a material with one property and a second value known to produce a nanolaminate metal material or a microlaminate metal material with a second property to form a portion of the core region comprising the reticulated foam and a nanolaminate metal material or a microlaminate metal material applied to said foam, either of which is formed from the one or more electrodepositable species by passing the electric current through the porous substrate;
wherein at least a portion of said strike face region is produced by electrodepositing a tough metal phase through one or more ceramic tiles; and
wherein said spall liner region comprises fibers and a nanolaminate metal material or a microlaminate metal material, in which
a) the fibers are reinforced with a sheath formed of a nanolaminate metal material,
b) the fibers are disposed within a matrix of a nanolaminate metal material,
c) the fibers are present within a panel having the fibers as part of a woven fabric within a polymer matrix, where the exterior of the panel is reinforced with a nanolaminate metal coating or a microlaminate metal coating, or
d) the fibers, which are reinforced with a nanolaminate metal sheath, are present within a panel having the fibers as part of the woven fabric within a polymer matrix, where the exterior of the panel is reinforced with a nanolaminate metal coating or a microlaminate metal coating.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fibers are disposed within a matrix of a nanolaminate metal material.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fibers form a reinforcing material with long range periodicity.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said reinforcing material with long range periodicity is selected from the group consisting of: woven carbon fiber, woven aluminosilicate glass, or woven para-aramid synthetic fiber.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plating parameters are independently selected from: pH of electrolyte, electrolyte composition, applied plating current, applied plating voltage, and mass transfer rate.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said porous substrate is formed into desired component geometry prior to passing electric current through the porous substrate so as to deposit said metal.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said one or more ceramic tiles are perforated ceramic tiles or an array of ceramic tiles.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said one or more ceramic tiles are perforated ceramic tiles.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein said one or more ceramic tiles is an array of ceramic tiles.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said electrolyte comprises two or more metal salts.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said strike face region produced by electrodepositing a tough metal phase through one or more ceramic tiles comprises a laminated metal material.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said core region comprises the reticulated foam porous substrate, in which void regions of the porous substrate are optionally filled by a gas, liquid, polymer, or solids with a density less than 5 g/cc.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the core region comprises a compliant phase, which includes a polymer or solid, each with a density less than about 5 g/cc.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said core region comprises the reticulated foam porous substrate, wherein the core region comprises less than 50% of a metal phase reinforcing and/or binding the reticulated foam, and wherein the core region optionally includes gases, liquids, polymers, or solids with a density less than 5 g/cc.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fibers of the spall liner are reinforced with a sheath of nanolaminate metal material.