CATALYST COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR ALCOHOL PRODUCTION FROM SYNTHESIS GAS
In one aspect of this invention, catalytic compositions produced by calcining intermediates of the formula [NR 4 ] x [M 1 2 M 2 S 8 ] are provided, wherein M 1 is Mo or W; M 2 is Co, Ni, or Pd; x is 2 or 3; and R is a C 3 -C 8 alkyl group. Another aspect provides catalytic compositions produced by calcining intermediates of the formula A x [M 1 2 M 2 S 8 ], wherein A is selected from K, Rb, Cs, Sr, and Ba. Also provided are methods for making the compositions, and methods of using the compositions for the catalytic conversion of syngas into C 1 -C 4 alcohols such as ethanol.
1 . A composition produced by the method comprising:
(a) obtaining a compound having the formula [NR 4 ] x [M 1 2 M 2 S 8 ], wherein:
(i) M 1 is Mo or W;
(ii) M 2 is Co, Ni, or Pd;
(iii) x is 2 or 3;
(iv) R is a C 3 -C 8 alkyl group;
(v) x is 2 when M 2 is Ni or Pd; and
(vi) x is 3 when M 1 is Mo and M 2 is Co; and
(b) calcining said compound under a substantially inert atmosphere.
2 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein M 1 is Mo.
3 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein M 1 is W.
4 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein M 2 is Co.
5 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein M 2 is Ni.
6 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein M 2 is Pd.
7 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein R is an n-alkyl group.
8 . The composition of claim 7 , wherein said n-alkyl group is n-butyl.
9 . The composition of claim 7 , wherein said n-alkyl group is n-pentyl.
10 . The composition of claim 7 , wherein said n-alkyl group is n-hexyl.
11 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein said compound has the formula [NR 4 ] 3 [Mo 2 CoS 8 ].
12 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein said compound has the formula [NR 4 ] 2 [Mo 2 NiS 8 ].
13 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein said compound has the formula [NR 4 ] 3 [W 2 CoS 8 ].
14 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein said compound has the formula [NR 4 ] 2 [W 2 CoS 8 ].
15 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein said compound has the formula [NR 4 ] 2 [W 2 NiS 8 ].
16 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition is produced from at least two compounds of the formula [NR 4 ] x [M 1 2 M 2 S 8 ].
17 . The composition of claim 16 , wherein said at least two compounds include [NR 4 ] 2 [W 2 NiS 8 ] and [NR 4 ] 2 [W 2 CoS 8 ].
18 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein any solvent in contact with said compound(s) is substantially removed prior to calcining.
19 . The composition of claim 18 , wherein said composition is not exposed to O 2 between solvent removal and calcining.
20 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein step (b) is performed at a temperature selected from about 350-500° C. and a time selected from about 1-10 hours.
21 . A composition produced by the method comprising:
(a) obtaining a compound having the formula A x [M 1 2 M 2 S 8 ], wherein:
A is selected from the group consisting of K, Rb, Cs;
M 1 is Mo or W;
M 2 is Co, Ni, or Pd;
x is 2 or 3;
x is 2 when M 2 is Ni or Pd;
x is 3 when M 1 is Mo and M 2 is Co; and
(b) calcining said compound under a substantially inert atmosphere.
22 . A composition produced by the method comprising:
(a) obtaining a compound having the formula A x [M 1 2 M 2 S 8 ], wherein:
A is selected from the group consisting of Sr and Ba;
M 1 is Mo or W;
M 2 is Co, Ni, or Pd;
x is 1 or 1.5;
x is 1 when M 2 is Ni or Pd; and
x is 1.5 when M 1 is Mo and M 2 is Co; and
(b) calcining said compound under a substantially inert atmosphere.
23 . The composition of claim 21 or 22 , wherein said composition is produced from at least two compounds of the formula A x [M 1 2 M 2 S 8 ].
24 . The composition of claim 21 or 22 , wherein said composition is not exposed to O 2 between solvent removal and calcining.
25 . The composition of claim 21 or 22 , wherein step (b) is performed at a temperature selected from about 350-500° C. and a time selected from about 1-10 hours.
26 . The composition of any of claims 1 , 21 , or 22 , wherein said composition is capable of catalytically converting syngas into one or more reaction products comprising at least one C 1 -C 4 alcohol when in the presence of a catalytic promoter.
27 . The composition of claim 26 , wherein the catalytic promoter is K 2 CO 3 .
28 . The composition of claim 26 , wherein the catalytic promoter is Cs 2 CO 3 .
29 . A composition comprising:
(a) at least one Group VIB element selected from molybdenum and tungsten;
(b) at least one Group VIII element selected from cobalt, nickel, and palladium; and
(c) sulfur;
wherein the molar ratio of sulfur to the combined total of the at least one Group VIB element and the at least one Group VIII element is at least about 1.9:1;
wherein the molar ratio of said at least one Group VIB element to said at least one Group VIII element is 2:1;
wherein said composition is essentially free of a crystalline phase disulfide of said at least one Group VIII element; and
wherein said composition is capable of catalyzing the conversion of syngas into one or more reaction products comprising at least one C 1 -C 4 alcohol when in the presence of a suitable catalytic promoter.
30 . The composition of claim 29 , wherein at least one C 1 -C 4 alcohol is ethanol.