Implants with membrane diffusion-controlled release of active ingredient

1. An implant having a structure for implantation in a human or animal body, the implant comprising:

a) an implant base body;

b) a primer layer applied at least partially to the surface of the implant;

c) an active ingredient layer consisting of one or more active ingredients applied to at least a portion of the surface of the primer layer; and

d) a diffusion-controlling layer applied to at least a portion of the active ingredient layer and a portion of the primer layer, wherein diffusion of the active ingredients of the active ingredient layer is controlled.

2. The implant of claim 1 , wherein the primer layer is one or more materials selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide (SiC), diamond-like carbon (DLC), pyrolytic carbon (pyC), a parylene, glycocalix, and hydroxyapatite.

3. The implant of claim 1 , wherein the diffusion-controlling layer comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of a polyester, a polyurethane, a silicon, a polyorganophosphazene, a polymethacrylate, a polystyrene block copolymer, a polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, a polyethylene terephthalate or a blend or a copolymer thereof, and a phosphorylcholine polymer or polysaccharide.

4. The implant of claim 1 , wherein the one or more active ingredients of the active ingredient layer are each independently selected from the group consisting of an antiphlogistic, a cytostatic, an immunosuppressant, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, a statin, an estrogen, a lipid regulator, a vasodilator, a calcium channel blocker, a calcineurin inhibitor, an anti-inflammatory drug, an anti-allergic, an oligonucleotide, an endothelium-forming agent, a steroid, a protein, a peptide, a proliferation inhibitor, an analgesic, and an antirheumatic.

5. The implant of claim 1 , wherein the implant base body is selected from the group consisting of a heart pacemaker, a brain pacemaker, a heart implant, a pacemaker electrode, a defibrillation electrode, a cochlear implant, an implant for dental medicine, a depot implant that serves to form a depot of an active ingredient, a biodegradable or permanent coronary or peripheral stent, a biodegradable or permanent stent for an internal cavity, and a local drug delivery implant.

6. The implant of claim 1 , wherein the implant base body is a permanent or biodegradable coronary stent.

7. A method for manufacturing an implant, the method comprising:

a) providing an implant having a structure for implantation in a human or animal body, the implant comprising:

(i) an implant base body;

(ii) a preparation for a primer layer comprising one or more primer materials;

(iii) a preparation for an active ingredient layer comprising one or more active ingredients; and

(iv) a preparation for a diffusion-controlling layer comprising one or more polymers and one or more solvents;

b) coating at least a portion of the implant base body with the preparation for the primer layer;

c) coating a portion of the at least partially coated implant base body from step b) with the preparation for the active ingredient layer; and

d) coating at least a portion of the at least partially coated implant base body from c) with the preparation for the diffusion-controlling layer and a portion of the primer layer.

8. The implant of claim 3 , wherein the diffusion controlling layer polymer is one or more materials selected from the group consisting of polydioxanone, polyglycolide, polycaprolactone, polyhydroxyvaleric acid, a polyhydroxybutyric acid, a polylactide, and a copolymer of the foregoing.

9. The implant of claim 3 , wherein the diffusion controlling layer polysaccharide is one or more materials selected from the group consisting of chitosan, hyaluronic acid, heparin, dextran and cellulose.

10. The implant of claim 4 , wherein the antiphlogitic is selected from the group consisting of dexamethasone, methylprednisolone and diclofenac.

11. The implant of claim 4 , wherein the cystostaic is selected from the group consisting of paclitaxel, colchicine, actinomycin D and methotrexate.

12. The implant of claim 4 , wherein the immunosuppressant is selected from the group consisting of a limus compound, sirolimus (rapamycin), zotarolimus (ABT-578), tacrolimus (FK-506), everolimus, biolimus, biolimus A9, pimecrolimus, cyclosporin A and mycophenolic acid.

13. The implant of claim 4 , wherein the platelet aggregation inhibitor is abciximab or iloprost.

14. The implant of claim 4 , wherein the statin is selected from the group consisting of simvastatin, mevastatin, atorvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin and fluvastatin.

15. The implant of claim 4 , wherein the estrogen is selected from the group consisting of 17β-estradiol, daidzein and genistein.