Biased gap-closing actuator

1. A gap-closing actuator comprising:

a stator having one or more first electrodes;

a mover having one or more second electrodes interposed among the first electrodes; and

a biasing mechanism for applying a non-capacitive bias to the mover for urging the mover to move in a desired direction with respect to the stator,

wherein the non-capacitive bias is different from a capacitive force generated between the first and second electrodes when the gap-closing actuator is in operation.

2. The gap-closing actuator of claim 1 wherein at least one of the first electrodes is disposed substantially at a middle point between two consecutive second electrodes in a pre-biasing state.

3. The gap-closing actuator of claim 2 wherein the non-capacitive bias moves the at least one of the first electrodes to become closer to one of the two consecutive second electrodes than the other in a biased state.

4. The gap-closing actuator of claim 3 wherein the non-capacitive bias is a spring force.

5. The gap-closing actuator of claim 3 wherein the biasing mechanism comprises a loading element for generating the non-capacitive bias.

6. The gap-closing actuator of claim 5 wherein the biasing mechanism comprises a position constraint for constraining the loading element in a predetermined position in order to sustain the non-capacitive bias.

7. The gap-closing actuator of claim 6 wherein the position constraint and the loading element are disengaged in the pre-biasing state.

8. The gap-closing actuator of claim 6 wherein the position constraint and the loading element are engaged in the biased state.

9. The gap-closing actuator of claim 1 wherein at least one gap between the first and second electrodes is narrower than a minimal line width that can be defined by a lithographic process.

10. A process for fabricating a gap-closing actuator comprising:

forming a stator having one or more first electrodes;

forming a mover having one or more second electrodes interposed among the first electrodes; and

applying a non-capacitive bias to the mover for urging the mover to move in a desired direction with respect to the stator,

wherein the non-capacitive bias is different from a capacitive force generated between the first and second electrodes when the gap-closing actuator is in operation.

11. The process of claim 10 wherein the non-capacitive bias is a spring force.

12. The process of claim 11 wherein the spring force is generated by providing a spring;

deforming the spring;

maintaining the spring in a deformed shape to generate the spring force.

13. The process of claim 12 wherein the maintaining comprises thermally treating the spring.

14. The process of claim 13 wherein the maintaining comprises engaging the spring with a position constraint.

15. The process of claim 14 wherein the spring is engaged with the position constraint by acceleration, an electric force, electromagnetic resonance, or a combination thereof.