Radial counterflow steam stripper
Turbine exhaust steam, axially fed between counter-rotating radial flow disk turbines, separates into: (1) a radially inward flow of low enthalpy dry steam, and (2) a radially outward flow of high enthalpy steam, noncondensibles, and condensate. The radially inward flow goes to a conventional condenser. The radially outward flow loses enthalpy turning the disk turbines as it passes in the boundary layers against the disks, thus becoming low enthalpy dry steam, and the counter-rotation of the disks by impinging mass flow of condensate, high enthalpy steam, and noncondensibles sustains a cascade of dynamic vortex tubes in the shear layer between the boundary layers. The low enthalpy dry steam resulting from work being done flows into the condenser through the vortex cores of fractal turbulence. Condensate exits the periphery of the workspace, ready to be pumped back into the Rankine cycle.
1. An apparatus for improved condensing of exhaust steam, comprising
coaxial radial flow disk turbines, the disk turbines counter-rotatable about their common axis of rotation and spaced apart so as to define a workspace between them;
an axial feed port communicating with the workspace for introducing exhaust steam into the workspace;
a condenser, the condenser providing a low pressure sink for low enthalpy saturated vapor;
an axial exhaust port communicating with the workspace and with the condenser; and
a baffle disposed between the axial feed port and the axial exhaust port.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one peripheral drive wheel disposed between and in contact with both disk turbines, the peripheral drive wheel having an axis of rotation orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the disk turbines, and the peripheral drove wheel comprising a drive spindle connecting it to a motor and/or a generator.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an annular shroud disposed at the periphery of the workspace.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising means for collecting condensate exiting the periphery.
5. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising means for providing current to a drive motor connected to the peripheral drive wheel.
6. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising means for taking current from a generator connected to the peripheral drive wheel.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the current goes to a chiller for cooling water to the condenser.
8. A radial counterflow chiller, comprising
coaxial radial flow disk centrifugal pumps, the centrifugal pumps counter-rotatable about their common axis of rotation and spaced apart so as to define a workspace between them;
means connected to the centrifugal pumps for causing them to counter-rotate;
an axial feed port communicating with the workspace for introducing cooling water into the workspace;
a condenser, the condenser providing a low pressure sink for vapor stripped from the cooling water; and
an axial exhaust port communicating with the workspace and with the condenser.
9. The chiller of claim 8 , wherein the motive power for the centrifugal pumps is provided by the apparatus of claim 7 .
10. The chiller of claim 8 , further comprising means connected to the condenser for collecting distilled water.
11. The chiller of claim 8 , further comprising means for collecting chilled water.
12. The chiller of claim 11 , wherein the collecting means comprise a pump for advecting cooling water into a cooling water circuit.
13. The chiller of claim 12 , wherein the cooling water circuit flows through the condenser of claim 1 .
14. A system for reducing water waste at thermal power plants, comprising the combination of
(1) an apparatus for improved condensing of exhaust steam, the improved condensing means comprising
coaxial radial flow disk turbines, the disk turbines counter-rotatable about their common axis of rotation and spaced apart so as to define a workspace between them,
an axial feed port communicating with the workspace for introducing turbine exhaust steam into the workspace,
a condenser, the condenser providing a low pressure sink for low enthalpy saturated vapor, and the condenser comprising a cooling water circuit,
an axial exhaust port communicating with the workspace and with said low enthalpy saturated vapor condenser, and
a baffle disposed between the axial feed port and the axial exhaust port,
at least one axial drive wheel connected to the disk turbines and to a generator; and
(2) a radial counterflow cooling water chiller, comprising
coaxial radial flow disk centrifugal pumps, the centrifugal pumps counter-rotatable about their common axis of rotation and spaced apart so as to define a workspace between them,
means connected to the centrifugal pumps for causing them to counter-rotate,
an axial feed port communicating with the workspace for introducing cooling water into the workspace,
a condenser, the condenser providing a low pressure sink for vapor stripped from the cooling water,
an axial exhaust port communicating with the workspace and with said cooling water vapor condenser, and
means for pumping chilled cooling water into said cooling water circuit.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the current from the generator goes to power the radial counterflow cooling water chiller, at least in part.
16. The system of claim 14 , wherein said cooling water vapor condenser comprises a cooling fluid circuit flowing a refrigerant other than water.
17. The system of claim 14 , wherein said cooling water vapor condenser comprises a cooling fluid circuit comprising means for heat rejection to the environment without discharge of vapor.
18. A process for continuous thermal separation, comprising the simultaneous steps of:
creating a dynamic vortex tube cascade in a workspace defined between coaxial counter-rotating disks, each disk having a laminar boundary layer against it where diffusion of momentum occurs, the workspace comprising a shear layer between said boundary layers;
flowing a fluid feed into the workspace at the axis of the disks;
advecting low enthalpy saturated vapor radially inward to said axis and into a the low pressure sink provided by a condenser communicating with the workspace through an axial exhaust conduit; and
advecting the remainder of the feed, including condensate and high enthalpy vapor, if any, radially outward and beyond the periphery of the workspace.
19. The process of claim 18 , wherein the fluid feed is turbine exhaust steam comprising condensate and a mixture of steam molecules having different velocities.
20. The process of claim 18 , wherein the fluid feed is cooling water.