Nanolipoprotein particles comprising hydrogenases and related products, methods and systems

1. A nanolipoprotein particle comprising

a membrane associated hydrogenase,

a membrane forming lipid, and

a scaffold protein,

wherein the membrane associated hydrogenase is heteromeric and multimeric; and

wherein the nanolipoprotein particle further comprises a cell membrane fragment, the cell membrane fragment comprising the membrane associated heteromeric and multimeric hydrogenase in a catalytically active form,

the membrane forming lipid and the scaffold protein are at a mass ratio between 1:1 and 20:1 and the scaffold protein and the membrane associated heteromeric and multimeric hydrogenase are at a mass ratio between 1:0.025 and 1:1.

2. The nanolipoprotein particle of claim 1 , wherein the membrane associated hydrogenase is a [Ni/Fe] hydrogenase or a [Fe/Fe] hydrogenase.

3. The nanolipoprotein particle of claim 1 , wherein the membrane associated hydrogenase is a [Ni/Fe] hydrogenase from Allochromatium vinosum, Methanosarcina barkeri, Escherichia coli , and Rhodospirillum rubrum Desulfomicrobium baculatum and Ralstonia species.

4. The nanolipoprotein particle of claim 1 , wherein the membrane associated hydrogenase is a [Ni/Fe] hydrogenase from Pyrococcus Furiosus.

5. A biocatalyst assembly comprising the nanolipoprotein particle of claim 1 , wherein the nanolipoprotein particle is immobilized to a support.

6. The biocatalyst assembly of claim 5 , wherein the support is a solid support.

7. The biocatalyst assembly of claim 5 , wherein the support is an electrically conductive support.

8. A method to perform a chemical reaction catalyzed by a membrane associated hydrogenase, the method comprising:

providing reagents for performing said chemical reaction,

providing the nanolipoprotein particle of claim 1 , wherein the membrane associated hydrogenase is the membrane associated hydrogenase catalyzing the chemical reaction; and

contacting the reagents with the nanolipoprotein particle for a time and under conditions to allow the reaction to occur, thus performing said chemical reaction.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the nanolipoprotein particle is immobilized on a solid support.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the chemical reaction is hydrogen production.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the hydrogen production is performed as a solution phase reaction.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the conditions include a temperature between from about 25 degrees C. and about 95 degrees C.

13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the membrane associated hydrogenase is a [Ni/Fe] hydrogenase.

14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the chemical reaction is oxidation of molecular hydrogen.

15. A system to perform a chemical reaction catalyzed by a membrane associated hydrogenase, the system comprising:

the nanolipoprotein particle of claim 1 , wherein the membrane associated hydrogenase is the membrane associated hydrogenase catalyzing the chemical reaction; and

reagents for performing the chemical reaction,

wherein the nanolipoprotein particle and the reagents can be contacted for a time and under conditions to allow the chemical reaction catalyzed by said membrane associated hydrogenase to occur.

16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the membrane associated hydrogenase is immobilized to a support.

17. The system of claim 15 , wherein the membrane associated hydrogenase is a [Ni/Fe] hydrogenase from Allochromatium vinosum, Methanosarcina barkeri, Escherichia coli, Rhodospirillum rubrum, Desulfomicrobium baculatum and Ralstonia species.

18. The system of claim 15 , wherein the membrane associated hydrogenase is a [Ni/Fe] hydrogenase from Pyrococcus Furiosus.

19. A device for performing a chemical reaction catalyzed by a membrane associated hydrogenase, the device comprising:

a substrate compartment, a hydrogenase compartment, and a product compartment, with the substrate compartment in communication with the product compartment through the hydrogenase compartment,

wherein

the hydrogenase compartment comprises the biocatalyst assembly of claim 5 ; and

the substrate compartment is configured to comprise a substrate for the chemical reaction catalyzed by the membrane associated hydrogenase and to allow contact between said substrate and said membrane associated hydrogenase.

20. The device of claim 19 , further comprising a product compartment in communication with the hydrogenase compartment, the product compartment configured to comprise hydrogen produced following the reaction of a substrate with the membrane associated hydrogenase.

21. A nanolipoprotein particle comprising

a membrane associated hydrogenase,

a membrane forming lipid, and

a scaffold protein,

wherein the membrane associated hydrogenase is heteromeric and multimeric in a catalytically active form; and

wherein the nanolipoprotein particle is obtained from a cell membrane fragment, the cell membrane fragment comprising the membrane associated heteromeric and multimeric hydrogenase,

the membrane forming lipid and the scaffold protein are at a mass ratio between 1:1 and 20:1 and the scaffold protein and the membrane associated heteromeric and multimeric hydrogenase are at a mass ratio between 1:0.025 and 1:1.

22. The nanolipoprotein particle of claim 1 , wherein the membrane forming lipid is dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), the scaffold protein is Apo E422K, and the DMPC, Apo E422K and the membrane associated heteromeric and multimeric hydrogenase have a mass ratio of about 4:1:0.05.

23. The nanolipoprotein particle of claim 21 , wherein the membrane forming lipid is dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), the scaffold protein is Apo E422K, and the DMPC, Apo E422K and the membrane associated heteromeric and multimeric hydrogenase have a mass ratio of about 4:1:0.05.