Capacitive morpholino diagnostics for analysis of nucleic acids
A method to monitor the progress of hybridization between nucleic acid strands in solution and Morpholino strands immobilized on a solid support such as a working electrode in-situ, in real-time, and using label-free electrochemical measurements sensitive to hybridization-induced changes in the near-surface dielectric constant and charge organization.
1. A method to monitor the progress of hybridization of nucleic acid strands in solution with Morpholino strands, comprising:
immobilizing the Morpholino strands on a conductive solid support in the form of a working electrode to form a Morpholino probe; and
conducting in-situ, in real-time, label-free electrochemical measurements of the surface capacitance of the Morpholino probe,
wherein the label-free electrochemical measurements are sensitive to hybridization-induced changes in the near-surface dielectric constant and charge organization of the Morpholino probe and comprise measurements of interfacial impedance derived from alternating charging current signals generated in response to application of an alternating potential perturbation between the conductive solid support and the nucleic acid solution.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid is DNA.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the electrochemical measurements comprise determination of hybridization-induced changes in the capacitance of the Morpholino probe.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising immobilizing the Morpholino strands as a layer on the Morpholino probe, wherein the Morpholino layer is formed in a collapsed, desolvated state.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising adding a 0.2 molar phosphate buffer to the nucleic acid solution, whereby the method is carried out at ionic strengths below that of the 0.2 molar phosphate buffer to improve sensitivity of detection of the progress of hybridization.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising conducting the label-free electrochemical measurements at electrode potentials equal to or negative of the potential of an uncharged Morpholino probe layer so as to maximize the signal response.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hybridization results in a displacement of the charge in a positive direction, toward more positive potentials, thus allowing changes in potential of an uncharged Morpholino probe layer to be used as a metric of hybridization.