Beam ablation lithography
View Patent ↗Provided are beam ablation lithography methods capable of removing and manipulating material at the nanoscale. Also provided are nanoscale devices, nanogap field effect transistors, nano-wires, nano-crystals and artificial atoms made using the disclosed methods.
1. A beam lithography process, comprising:
providing a supported membrane characterized as being transparent to a beam, the membrane comprising at least two surfaces;
forming a surface material layer onto one of the surfaces of the membrane;
orienting the surface material layer side of the support membrane facing away from a beam source;
imaging the surface material layer;
increasing the magnification to bring the beam to crossover at a location spatially proximate to a desired ablation location of the surface material layer; and
removing surface material layer from the desired ablation location.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the support membrane has a thickness in the range of from about 0.1 nm to about 1000 nm.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the support membrane has a thickness in the range of from about 0.1 nm to about 1 nm.
4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the support membrane has a thickness in the range of from about 1 nm to about 10 nm.
5. The process of claim 2 , wherein the support membrane has a thickness in the range of from about 10 nm to about 50 nm.
6. The process of claim 2 , wherein the support membrane has a thickness in the range of from about 20 nm to about 40 nm.
7. The process of claim 2 , wherein the support membrane has a thickness in the range of from about 25 nm to about 35 nm.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the support membrane is supported on a substrate.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the support membrane supported on the substrate forms a free-standing support membrane window.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the free-standing support membrane window has an area in the range of from about 10 −1 square microns to about 10 5 square microns.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the free-standing support membrane window is in the shape of a circle, square, rectangle, triangle, or other polygon having 4 or more sides.
12. The process of claim 8 , wherein the support membrane comprises silicon nitride, low stress amorphous silicon nitride, gallium nitride, amorphous carbon, indium arsenide, aluminum oxide, Rare Earth Yttrium Titanium Niobium Oxide Hydroxide, Titanium Oxide, Lead Antimony Oxide Hydroxide, Manganese Iron Oxide, Titanium Oxide, Beryllium Aluminum Oxide, Iron Manganese Niobium Tantalum Oxide, Aluminum Oxide, Copper Oxide, Rare Earth Yttrium Niobium Tantalum Titanium Oxide, Rare Earth Iron Titanium Oxide, Manganese Oxide, Iron Oxide, Hydrogen Oxide, Iron Titanium Oxide, Calcium Titanium Oxide, Magnesium Oxide, Rare Earth Yttrium Titanium Niobium Tantalum Oxide, Iron Titanium Oxide, a member of the Pyrochlore Group, a member of the Rutile Group Cassiterite Tin Oxide, Plattnerite Lead Oxide, Pyrolusite Manganese Oxide, Rutile Titanium Oxide, Stishovite Silicon Oxide, Samarskite-Y Rare Earth Yttrium Iron Titanium Oxide, Senarmontite Antimony Oxide, a member of the Spinel Group, or any combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the support membrane comprises silicon nitride, low stress amorphous silicon nitride, gallium nitride, amorphous carbon, indium arsenide, aluminum oxide, or any combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the support membrane is characterized as having a surface roughness of less than about 10 nm height variation per square micron.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the surface material layer comprises aluminum, chromium, nickel, silver, iron, manganese, cobalt, titanium, copper, gold, silicon, carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene, silicon nitride, low stress amorphous silicon nitride, gallium nitride, amorphous carbon, indium arsenide, aluminum oxide, Rare Earth Yttrium Titanium Niobium Oxide Hydroxide, Titanium Oxide, Lead Antimony Oxide Hydroxide, Manganese Iron Oxide, Titanium Oxide, Beryllium Aluminum Oxide, Iron Manganese Niobium Tantalum Oxide, Aluminum Oxide, Copper Oxide, Rare Earth Yttrium Niobium Tantalum Titanium Oxide, Rare Earth Iron Titanium Oxide, Manganese Oxide, Iron Oxide, Hydrogen Oxide, Iron Titanium Oxide, Calcium Titanium Oxide, Magnesium Oxide, Rare Earth Yttrium Titanium Niobium Tantalum Oxide, Iron Titanium Oxide, a member of the Pyrochlore Group, a member of the Rutile Group: Cassiterite Tin Oxide, Plattnerite Lead Oxide, Pyrolusite Manganese Oxide, Rutile Titanium Oxide, Stishovite Silicon Oxide, Samarskite-Y Rare Earth Yttrium Iron Titanium Oxide, Senarmontite Antimony Oxide, a member of the Spinel Group, or any combination thereof.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the surface material layer is in the form of thin strips.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the thin strip has a thickness in the range of from about 10 nm to about 50 nm.
18. The process of claim 17 , wherein the thin strip has a thickness in the range of from about 20 nm to about 40 nm.
19. The process of claim 17 , wherein the thin strip has a thickness in the range of from about 25 nm to about 35 nm.
20. The process of claim 1 , wherein the beam comprises electron beam, ion beam, atom beam, neutron beam and arbitrary particle beam.
21. The process of claim 20 , wherein the electron beam comprises transmission electron beam and scanning electron beam.
22. The process of claim 1 , wherein said imaging step is conducted at a magnification below 100,000×.
23. The process of claim 1 , wherein the surface material layer side of the membrane is oriented perpendicular to the beam source.
24. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a step of identifying the desirable ablation location on the surface material layer at least prior to said step of increasing the magnification.
25. The process of claim 1 , wherein the magnification is increased to about 800,000× after the surface material layer is imaged.
26. The process of claim 1 , wherein the beam is brought to crossover to optimize the focus of the beam at a location about 1 nm to about 5000 nm away from the desired ablation location of the surface material layer.
27. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a step of moving the beam away from crossover to stop said step of removing surface material layer from the desired ablation location.
28. The process of claim 1 , wherein the step of removing the surface material layer from the desired ablation location is conducted automatically using computerized control.
29. The process of claim 28 , wherein the computerized control is conducted by using the current density that passes through the surface material layer and support membrane as a feedback to a controlling computer.
30. The process of claim 1 , wherein the beam is split into multiple beams.
31. A transforming process, comprising:
providing a supported membrane characterized as being transparent to a beam, the membrane comprising at least two surfaces;
forming a surface material layer onto one of the surfaces of the membrane;
orienting the surface material layer side of the support membrane facing away from a beam source;
imaging the surface material layer;
increasing the magnification to bring the beam to crossover at a location spatially proximate to a desired location of the surface material layer; and
transforming the crystal structure of the surface material layer at the desired location.
32. A device made according to the process of claim 1 .
33. A device made according to the process of claim 31 .
34. A nanogap field effect transistor made according to the process of claim 1 .
35. A nano-wire made according to the process of claim 1 .
36. A nano-crystal made according to the process of claim 31 .
37. An artificial atom made according to the process of claim 1 .