Propulsion system for boat
A propulsion system for a boat includes propellers rotated by an engine, a transmission mechanism arranged to transmit a driving force of the engine to the propellers in a state that the driving force of the engine is changed to at least one of a gear reduction ratio for low speed and a gear reduction ratio for high speed, and a control unit arranged to output a signal to control a gear shift in the transmission mechanism on the basis of a throttle valve opening of the engine and a speed of the engine and arranged to detect cavitation generated in conjunction with rotation of the propellers on the basis of a gear shift control map. The control unit is arranged to control the output of a signal to the transmission mechanism to change the high speed reduction gear ratio when cavitation is detected. The propulsion system achieves both acceleration and maximum speed at performance levels desired by an operator of a boat.
1. A propulsion system for a boat, the propulsion system comprising:
an engine;
a propeller arranged to be rotated by the engine;
a transmission mechanism arranged to operate in at least a low speed reduction ratio and a high speed reduction ratio, and arranged to transmit a driving force generated by the engine to the propeller with a speed thereof shifted to one of the low speed reduction ratio and the high speed reduction ratio;
a control unit arranged to output a signal to control a gear shift in the transmission mechanism on the basis of a load of the engine and a speed of the engine; and
a cavitation detecting section arranged to detect cavitation generated in conjunction with rotation of the propeller; wherein
the control unit is arranged to control the output of the signal to the transmission mechanism to change the gear reduction ratio to the high speed reduction ratio when cavitation is detected by the cavitation detecting section.
2. The propulsion system for a boat according to claim 1 , wherein the cavitation detection section is arranged to recognize occurrence of the cavitation when the engine speed exceeds a given increase in engine speed within a given time period.
3. The propulsion system for a boat according to claim 1 , wherein the cavitation detection section is arranged to recognize occurrence of the cavitation when the engine speed maintains an increase in engine speed at a higher rate than a given increase rate for a given time period.
4. The propulsion system for a boat according to claim 3 , wherein the cavitation detecting section is arranged to differentiate the engine speed with respect to time, and is also arranged to recognize the occurrence of the cavitation when a plurality of differential values that exceed a given value are calculated in the given time period.
5. The propulsion system for a boat according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit is arranged to control a change in the gear reduction ratio of the transmission mechanism on the basis of a gear shift control map that indicates a standard to change the gear reduction ratio of the transmission mechanism in view of the speed of the engine and the load of the engine.
6. The propulsion system for a boat according to claim 5 , wherein
the gear shift control map includes a first region defining the low speed gear reduction ratio, a second region defining the high speed gear reduction ratio, and a third region between boundaries of the first region and the second region; and
the control unit is arranged to control a change in the gear reduction ratio to the low speed gear reduction ratio when a trajectory of the load of the engine and the speed of the engine enters the first region from the second region through the third region on the gear shift control map.
7. The propulsion system for a boat according to claim 6 , wherein the control unit is arranged to control a change in the gear reduction ratio to the high speed gear reduction ratio when a trajectory of the load of the engine and the speed of the engine enters the second region from the first region through the third region on the gear shift control map.
8. The propulsion system for a boat according to claim 5 , wherein the control unit is arranged to correct the gear shift control map on the basis of the speed of the engine and the load of the engine at the time when the cavitation detecting section recognizes the occurrence of the cavitation.
9. The propulsion system for a boat according to claim 8 , wherein the control unit is arranged to correct the gear shift control map on the basis of a starting point of the occurrence of cavitation that is recognized by the cavitation detecting section, and is also arranged to control a change in the gear reduction ratio of the transmission mechanism on the basis of the corrected gear shift control map.
10. The propulsion system for a boat according to claim 8 , wherein
the gear shift control map includes a first region defining the low speed gear reduction ratio, a second region defining the high speed gear reduction ratio, and a third region provided between boundaries of the first region and the second region;
the third region of the gear shift control map is a zone between a first reference line provided in the first region defining the gear low speed gear reduction ratio and a second reference line provided in the second region defining the high speed gear reduction ratio; and
the control unit is arranged to correct the first reference line by changing it to a line that includes a starting point of the occurrence of cavitation recognized by the cavitation detecting section.
11. The propulsion system for a boat according to claim 10 , wherein the control unit is arranged to correct the second reference line to have substantially the same shape as the corrected first reference line when correcting the first reference line to include a point on the gear shift control map.
12. The propulsion system for a boat according to claim 5 , further comprising a memory arranged to store the gear shift control map.