Method of selecting a drilling motor for a casing drill string
A method for selecting a drilling motor for rotating a drill bit relative to a drill string made up of casing accounts for a tendency for the casing to elongate as the internal pressure increases. The increase in pressure in the casing string increases the weight on the drill bit, the amount of which may be calculated based on the size and type of the string of casing. The ratio of bit torque over the weight on the bit may be assumed to be a constant number based on empirical measurements or a theoretical model. The increase in the weight on the drill bit can be expressed in terms of the bit torque versus the casing pressure, which is a linear slope. This linear slope may be compared to the delivery torque of candidate motors.
1. A method of selecting a drilling motor for rotating a drill bit relative to a drill string made up of well casing, comprising:
(a) determining a delivery torque (TDe) provided by a first candidate motor;
(b) based on a cross-sectional area of the casing, determining a change in weight on the drill bit (DWOB) occurring in response to a change in drilling fluid pressure (DP) within the casing, the change in weight on the drill bit (DWOB) occurring as a result of a tendency for the casing to elongate in response to an increase in the drilling fluid pressure:
(c) calculating a torque demand (TDm) for the casing based on the type of drill bit and the effect of DP on the change in weight on the bit (DWOB) determined in step (b); and
(d) comparing the result of step (a) to the result of step (c) and if the result of step (a) does not exceed the result of step (c) by a selected amount, selecting a second candidate motor and repeating steps (a)-(d).
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (b) further comprises assuming that the casing does not actually increase in length because it is restrained from lengthening, rather a neutral point along a length of the casing representing a demarcation between tension and compression elevates, thereby causing the weight on the bit to increase.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (c) further comprises determining a relationship between the amount of torque required to rotate the bit as a function of the weight on the bit.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the relationship determined between the amount of torque required to rotate the bit as a function of the weight on the bit is linear.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the difference in the weight on the bit (DWOB) in response to the difference in pressure in the casing (DP) is linear.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (b) is performed according to the following equation:
DWOB=DP*[Ai −(2 Mu*AS /( OD /10) 2 −1)]
DP=change in casing pressure
DWOB=change in weight on bit
Ai=cross-sectional area of casing bore or inner diameter
As=cross-sectional area of the casing wall
OD=casing outside diameter
ID=casing inside diameter
Mu—Poisson's Ratio (normally 0.3).
7. A method of selecting a drilling motor for rotating a drill bit relative to a drill string made up of well casing, comprising:
(a) determining a difference in weight on the drill bit (DWOB) as a function of an increase in internal pressure (DP) in the casing by basing said determination on a cross-sectional area of the casing;
(b) based on the type of drill bit to be employed, determining a bit torque demand (TDm) as a function of the DWOB;
(c) converting the DWOB as a function of DP to TDm as a function of DP;
(d) determining a delivery torque (TDe) of a first candidate motor as a function of DP; and
(e) comparing the result of step (c) to the result of step (d), and if the result of step (d) fails to exceed the result of step (c) by a selected amount, selecting a second candidate motor and repeating steps (a)-(e).
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the determination of step (a) is based on an increase in a neutral point between tension and compression in the casing string moving upward in response to an increase in DP, thereby increasing a compressive force on the drill bit.
9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein step (b) comprises:
selecting a number for a ratio of TDm over DWOB.
10. The method according to claim 7 , wherein step (c) comprises:
multiplying DWOB over DP times the ratio of TDm over DWOB.
11. The method according to claim 7 , wherein:
step (c) comprises determining a constant ratio for TDm over DWOB and multiplying the constant ratio times the result of step (a) to compute TDm; and
step (d) comprises comparing the TDe to the TDm.
12. The method according to claim 7 , wherein step (a) comprises making the following calculation:
DWOB=DP[Ai −(2 muAs /( OD/ID )squared−1)]; wherein
Ai=area of inner diameter of casing
Mu=Poisson's Ratio
As=cross-sectional area of the casing
OD=outer diameter of the casing
ID=inner diameter of the casing.
13. A method of selecting a drilling motor for rotating a drill bit relative to a drill string made up of well casing, comprising:
(a) based on a cross-sectional area of the casing, determining a linear relationship between a change in weight on the bit (DWOB) occurring in response to an internal drilling fluid pressure change in the casing (DP);
(b) based on the type of drill bit to be employed, determining a linear ratio of bit torque demand (TDm) and DWOB;
(c) multiplying the result of step (a) times the result of step (b) to determine a linear relationship between TDm and DP;
(d) determining a delivery torque (TDe) of a first candidate motor as a function of DP; and
(e) comparing the result of step (c) to the result of step (d), and if the result of step (d) fails to exceed the result of step (c) by a selected amount, selecting a second candidate motor and repeating steps (b)-(e).
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein step (a) comprises making the following calculation:
DWOB=DP[Ai −(2 muAs /( OD/ID )squared−1)]; wherein
Ai=area of inner diameter of casing
Mu=Poisson's Ratio
As=cross-sectional area of the wall of the casing
OD=outer diameter of the casing
ID=inner diameter of the casing.
15. The method according to claim 13 wherein DP comprises an estimated pressure drop of the fluid as it flows through the first or second candidate motors.