Gas separation membrane
A membrane for gas separation includes a porous support layer and a separation layer. The separation layer comprises a mixture of one or more saccharide derivatives and one or more homopolymers. The saccharide derivative(s) may have a cyclic structure with five or six ring atoms, or a linear structure, or may include monosaccharide derivatives which are bound via glycoside bonds, and the number of monosaccharides bound in this manner may be 2 to 1,000. A membrane can be produced by preparing a homogeneous solution which comprises a saccharide derivative and a homopolymer in a solvent; and pouring the homogenous solution onto a support layer. The membrane may be used in a gas separation module the operation of which makes use of the membrane.
1. A membrane for gas separation, comprising:
a porous support layer; and
a separation layer, comprising a mixture of a saccharide derivative and a homopolymer;
wherein the saccharide derivative has a cyclic structure with five or six ring atoms, or a linear structure, or comprises monosaccharide derivatives which are bound via glycoside bonds, wherein the number of monosaccharides bound in this manner is 2 to about 1,000, or a combination of any two or more thereof;
wherein the saccharide derivative is obtained through acetylisation of starch or glycogen or through silylation of cellulose, starch or glycogen.
2. The membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the membrane contains about 10 to about 50 wt. % saccharide derivative.
3. The membrane according to claim 1 , comprising a saccharide derivative having structure of the formulas STR1, STR2 or STR3, or a combination of any two or more thereof, wherein:
and
wherein A is hydrogen, a silyl-containing substance or an acetate-containing substance of the formulas STR4 or STR5, wherein
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl with 1 to 10 carbon atoms and wherein R 4 is an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl with 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
4. The membrane according to claim 1 , comprising monosaccharide derivatives bound via glycoside bonds and that include C 1 -C 4 , C 1 -C 1 or C 1 -C 6 bonds or a combination of any two or more thereof.
5. The membrane according to claim 1 , comprising saccharide derivatives produced by acetylisation or silylation of the family of saccharides with a cyclic structure with five or six ring atoms or a linear structure, wherein monosaccharide, disaccharide, trisaccharide or dextrin can be contained.
6. The membrane according to claim 5 , comprising monosaccharide which contains any one of arabinose, lyxose, ribose, desoxyribose, xylose, ribulose, xylulose, allose, altose, galactose, glucose, gulose, idose, mannose, tagatose, fructose, mannoheptulose, sedoheptulose, octolose, 2-keto-3-deoxy-manno-octonate, sialose, or a combination of any two or more thereof.
7. The membrane according to claim 5 , wherein the saccharide derivative includes a disaccharide derivative derived from any one of sucrose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, or a combination of any two or more thereof.
8. The membrane according to claim 5 wherein the saccharide derivative includes a dextrin derivative derived from any one of α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, or other dextrins of different molecular weights of about 900 to about 1,000,000 Dalton, or any combination of two or more thereof.
9. The membrane according to claim 1 , comprising a saccharide derivative which can be obtained through acetylisation or silylation of a high molecular weight saccharide.
10. The membrane according to claim 1 , including saccharide derivatives obtained by acetylisation or silylation, and wherein the saccharide derivatives are homogeneously soluble with the homopolymer in an organic solvent.
11. The membrane according to claim 1 , comprising a saccharide derivative that has an insignificantly low vapor pressure and that is temperature-stable at over 100° C.
12. The membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the separation layer contains about 5 to about 60 wt. % saccharide derivatives.
13. The membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the separation layer comprises poly-4-methyl-1-pentene.
14. The membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the support layer comprises a polymer or an inorganic material.
15. The membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the support layer includes any one of polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polphenylsulfone, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate, polyetherimide or polyimide, or a combination of any two or more thereof.
16. A method for the production of a membrane, comprising:
preparing a saccharide derivative through acetylisation of starch or glycogen or through silylation of cellulose, starch or glycogen, wherein the saccharide derivative has a cyclic structure with five or six ring atoms, or a linear structure, or comprises monosaccharide derivatives which are bound via glycoside bonds, wherein the number of monosaccharides bound in this manner is 2 to about 1,000, or a combination of any two or more thereof;
preparing a homogeneous solution which comprises the saccharide derivative and a homopolymer in a solvent; and
pouring the homogenous solution onto a support layer.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising evaporating the solvent after pouring the homogenous solution onto the support layer.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the support layer is a porous support layer.
19. A gas separation module with a membrane according to claim 1 .
20. A method for the operation of a gas separation module, comprising: flowing a gas through a separation module according to claim 19 .