Apparatus for converting biological materials into energy resources
A method of converting biological material into energy resources includes transmitting biological material to a pulsed electric field (PEF) station, and applying a PEF to the biological material within a treatment zone in the PEF station to generate treated biological material. The method also includes transmitting the treated biological material to a biogenerator, and processing the treated biological material in the biogenerator to produce an energy resource. A converter may carry out this process, and may include the PEF station and the biogenerator.
1. A converter that converts municipal waste-water sludge, animal wastes or plant wastes into a gas product, the converter comprising:
a pulsed electric field station, the pulsed electric field station comprising an inlet adapted to receive municipal waste-water sludge, animal wastes or plant wastes, a treatment chamber through which municipal waste-water sludge, animal wastes or plant wastes received via the inlet passes and including at least two spaced electrodes between which is generated a pulsed electric field with a nonarcing voltage and pulses with a pulse width of 2 to 8 microseconds, a peak field strength of 20 to 60 kV/cm and a frequency of 2000 to 10000 pps and which define at least one treatment zone therebetween, and an outlet adapted to pass treated municipal waste-water sludge, animal wastes or plant wastes; and
a digester, the digester comprising an inlet coupled to the outlet of the pulsed electric field station, at least one chamber in which the treated municipal waste-water sludge, animal wastes or plant wastes is processed into a gas product, a first outlet adapted to pass the gas product and a second outlet adapted to pass processed treated municipal waste-water sludge, animal wastes or plant wastes.
2. The converter according to claim 1 , wherein a duration of treatment is a function of the shape of the treatment zone and the pulse width and frequency of the pulsed electric field, and the duration of treatment is between 20-100 microseconds.
3. The converter according to claim 1 , comprising only first and second electrodes, the first electrode spaced from the second electrode to define a treatment zone therebetween.
4. The converter according to claim 1 , comprising first, second and third electrodes, the first electrode spaced from the second electrode and the second electrode spaced from the third electrode to define first and second treatment zones, the first treatment zone between the first and second electrodes and the second treatment zone between the second and third electrodes.
5. The converter according to claim 1 , wherein the digester comprises an anaerobic digester.
6. A wastewater treatment system, comprising:
a primary treatment station that receives a wastewater stream and separates the wastewater stream into primary sludge and a first liquid fraction;
a secondary treatment station coupled to the primary treatment station, the secondary treatment station receiving the first liquid fraction and digesting solids in the first liquid fraction to produce activated sludge and a second liquid fraction;
a bioreactor that receives the primary sludge and at least part of the activated sludge and digests the primary sludge and activated sludge to produce a digested product; and
a converter which receives biological material from at least one of the wastewater stream, the primary sludge, the activated sludge, the first liquid fraction, the second liquid fraction and the digested product, the converter including:
a pulsed electric field station, the pulsed electric field station comprising an inlet adapted to receive biological material, a treatment chamber through which biological material received via the inlet passes and including at least two spaced electrodes between which is generated a pulsed electric field with a nonarcing voltage and pulses with a pulse width of 2 to 8 microseconds, a peak field strength of 20 to 60 kV/cm and a frequency of 2000 to 10000 pps and which define at least one treatment zone therebetween, and an outlet adapted to pass treated biological material; and
a digester, the digester comprising an inlet coupled to the outlet of the pulsed electric field station, at least one chamber in which the treated biological material is processed into a gas product, a first outlet adapted to pass the gas product and a second outlet adapted to pass processed treated biological material.
7. The wastewater treatment system according to claim 6 , wherein the converter receives biological material from more than one of the wastewater stream, the primary sludge, the activated sludge, the first liquid fraction, the second liquid fraction and the digested product.
8. The wastewater treatment system according to claim 6 , wherein the converter receives a mixture of at least part of two or more of the wastewater stream, the primary sludge, the activated sludge, the first liquid fraction, the second liquid fraction and the digested product.
9. The wastewater treatment system according to claim 6 , the secondary treatment station receives at least part of the activated sludge, the at least part of the activated sludge received by the secondary treatment station defining return activated sludge, and wherein the converter receives biological material from at least one of the wastewater stream, the primary sludge, the activated sludge, the return activated sludge, the first liquid fraction, the second liquid fraction and the digested product.
10. The wastewater treatment system according to claim 6 , wherein a duration of treatment is a function of the shape of the treatment zone and the pulse width and frequency of the pulsed electric field, and the duration of treatment is between 20-100 microseconds.
11. The wastewater treatment system according to claim 6 , wherein the digester of the converter comprises an anaerobic digester.