Display employing organic material
A display is disclosed. The display includes a plurality of pixels configured to emit light. The display also includes a plurality of pixel control circuits that are each configured to regulate emission of light from a pixel. The pixel control circuits each include one or more two-terminal switching devices that include an organic semiconductor.
1. An active matrix display, comprising:
a pixel; and
a back plane comprising a pixel control circuit and a substrate, the circuit being configured to regulate light from the pixel and comprising at least one two-terminal three-layer switching device, the switching device comprising
a first electrode residing on the substrate;
a semiconductor layer being part of a patterned semiconductor in the backplane; and
a second electrode residing over at least a portion of the semiconductor layer and overlying at least a portion of the first electrode, wherein at least one of the first and second electrodes comprises an organic conductor and wherein the at least one two-terminal three-layer switching device allows passage of a substantially higher current in a forward bias than in a reverse bias.
2. The display of claim 1 , wherein the display is an electrophoretic display.
3. The display of claim 1 , wherein the organic conductor is selected from a group consisting of polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polyethylene dioxythiophene.
4. The display of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second electrodes is formed by a liquid-phase method.
5. The display of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor layer comprises an organic semiconductor.
6. The display of claim 5 , wherein the semiconductor layer comprises one or more components selected from a group consisting of a polymer, a conjugated polymer and an oligomer.
7. The display of claim 5 , wherein the semiconductor includes one or more polymers having a backbone with units selected from a group consisting of acetylenes, phenylenes, vinylenes, fluorenes, thiophenes and cyclopentadithiophenes.
8. The display of claim 1 , wherein the pixel control circuit comprises two-terminal switching devices arranged in anti-parallel.
9. The display of claim 1 , wherein the pixel control circuit comprises two or more of the two-terminal switching devices arranged in series.
10. The display of claim 1 , wherein the pixel control circuits are positioned on a transparent substrate.
11. The display of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode each include an organic conductor.
12. The display of claim 1 , wherein the substrate has a melting point less than about 300° C.
13. The display of claim 1 , wherein the pixels are included in a Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMs) display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, an electrochromic display, a Liquid Crystal Display, or an electrophoretic display.
14. The display of claim 1 , wherein the two-terminal switching device has a rectification ratio of at least about 10 5 .
15. The display of claim 1 , wherein the two-terminal switching device allows passage of current in forward bias that is at least 10 times greater than the current in reverse bias.
16. The display of claim 1 , wherein the two-terminal switching device has a ratio of about 10 3 to 10 9 between a current passing at a voltage at which the switching device is on, and a current passing at a voltage at which the switching device is off.
17. The display of claim 1 , wherein the switching device is a diode, and wherein the pixel control circuit comprises a first diode with a cathode connected to an anode of a second diode.
18. The display of claim 17 , wherein the pixel is connected to the pixel control circuit through the anode of the first diode and cathode of the second diode.
19. The display of claim 17 , wherein the cathode of the first diode is connected directly to the anode of the second diode.
20. The display of claim 1 , wherein the two-terminal switching device comprises an inorganic semiconductor.
21. The display of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode of the switching device is formed by a non liquid-phase method, and the second electrode of the switching device is formed by a liquid-phase method.
22. An active matrix display, comprising:
a pixel; and
a back plane comprising a pixel control circuit and a substrate, the circuit being configured to regulate light from the pixel and comprising at least one two-terminal three-layer switching device, the switching device comprising
a first electrode residing on a substrate;
a semiconductor layer being a part of a patterned semiconductor in the backplane; and
a second electrode residing over at least a portion of the semiconductor layer and overlying at least a portion of the first electrode, wherein at least one of the first and second electrodes is formed by a liquid-phase method and wherein the at least one two-terminal three-layer switching device allows passage of a substantially higher current in a forward bias than in a reverse bias.
23. The display of claim 22 , wherein the display is an electrophoretic display.
24. The display of claim 22 , wherein the liquid-phase method is selected from a group consisting of spin-coating, spray-coating and dip-coating.
25. The display of claim 22 , wherein the liquid-phase method deposits an electrode material in a pattern.
26. The display of claim 25 , wherein the liquid-phase method comprises a method selected from a group consisting of ink-jet printing, thermal transfer printing, silk-screen printing and offset printing.
27. The display of claim 26 , wherein the liquid-phase method comprises ink-jet printing.
28. The display of claim 22 , wherein at least one of the first and second electrodes comprises an organic conductor and is formed in a pattern.
29. The display of claim 22 , wherein the first electrode of the switching device is formed by a non liquid-phase method, and the second electrode of the switching device is formed by a liquid-phase method.
30. The display of claim 22 , wherein the two-terminal switching device has a rectification ratio of at least 10 5 .