Epoxy-crosslinked sulfonated poly (phenylene) copolymer proton exchange membranes
An epoxy-crosslinked sulfonated poly(phenylene) copolymer composition used as proton exchange membranes, methods of making the same, and their use as proton exchange membranes (PEM) in hydrogen fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cell, in electrode casting solutions and electrodes, and in sulfur dioxide electrolyzers. These improved membranes are tougher, have higher temperature capability, and lower SO 2 crossover rates.
1. An epoxy-crosslinked sulfonated poly(phenylene) copolymer composition, synthesized by crosslinking a copolymer made of a sulfonated poly(phenylene) and a tetrahydroxy bis(cyclopentadienone) with a tetra-epoxy crosslinking agent, according to the following reaction:
followed by curing the mixture at a temperature in the range of 150° C. to 200° C. for 1 to 6 hours.
2. An epoxy-crosslinked sulfonated poly(phenylene) copolymer composition having the following structure:
where m=0.01 to 0.99, and R═H or SO 3 H; and at least one of the R groups is SO 3 H.
3. The epoxy-crosslinked sulfonated poly(phenylene) copolymer composition of claim 2 , wherein the composition has an ion exchange capacity (IEC) from 2.2 to 3.8 meq/g.
4. The epoxy-crosslinked sulfonated poly(phenylene) copolymer composition of claim 2 , wherein m=0.9 and R═SO 3 H.
5. The epoxy-crosslinked sulfonated poly(phenylene) copolymer composition of claim 2 , wherein 25% to 83% of the R groups are —SO 3 H groups.
6. The epoxy-crosslinked sulfonated poly(phenylene) copolymer composition of claim 2 , wherein R═SO 3 H, and the number of sulfonic acid groups per polymer repeat unit ranges from 1.5 to 5.
7. The epoxy-crosslinked sulfonated poly(phenylene) copolymer composition of claim 2 , wherein the number of polymer repeat units, n, ranges from 10 to 300.
8. The epoxy-crosslinked sulfonated poly(phenylene) copolymer composition of claim 2 , wherein the ratio of crosslinking agent to the number of reactive hydroxy sites on the polymer ranges from 1 to 4 epoxy groups per hydroxy group.
9. The epoxy-crosslinked sulfonated poly(phenylene) copolymer composition of claim 2 , wherein the composition has a proton conductivity from 63 to 183 mS/cm in liquid water at 30° C.