Resin systems for dental restorative materials
The disclosure provides a new photopolymerizable resin system for dental restorative materials. The resin system utilizes a thiol-ene component as the reactive diluent in dimethacrylate systems. The ternary resin system comprises a thiol monomer, an ene monomer and a dimethacrylate monomer. Use of an off-stoichiometric ratio of thiol:ene functional groups in favor of excess thiols results in enhanced overall functional group conversion, improved polymer mechanical properties, and reduced shrinkage stress of the ternary system when compared to either traditional dimethacrylate or thiol-ene resin systems.
1. A photopolymerizable dental restorative composition wherein the composition comprises, relative to the total weight of all polymerizable monomers:
at least about 70% by weight of a methacrylate monomer having two or more methacrylate moieties; and
at least about 10% by weight of combined weight of a thiol monomer and an ene monomer; and
wherein the molar ratio of thiol functional groups from the thiol monomer relative to the ene functional groups from the ene monomer is greater than 1.5:1.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of the thiol functional groups to the ene functional groups is greater than about 1.75:1.
3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the molar ratio of the thiol functional groups to the ene functional groups is greater than about 2:1.
4. The composition of claim 1 further comprising a photoinitiator.
5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the photoinitiator is selected from one or more of a visible light activated photoinitiator, a UV light activated photoinitiator, or a combination thereof.
6. The composition of claim 4 wherein the photoinitiator is selected from (2,4,6-trimethyl benzoyl)phosphine oxide, camphorquinone, bis(eta 5-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl)bis[2,6-difluoro-3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl]titanium, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenylketone, and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone.
7. The composition of claim 4 further comprising a polymerization accelerator.
8. The composition of claim 4 further comprising a polymerization inhibitor.
9. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a filler in an amount of up to 90% by weight with respect to the total weight of the filled composition.
10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the filler is 60 to 85% by weight with respect to the total weight of the filled composition.
11. The composition of claim 1 comprising
70 to 80% by weight of the methacrylate monomer; and 20 to 30% by weight of the combined weight of the thiol monomer and the ene monomer.
12. The composition of claim 11 comprising
70% by weight of the methacrylate monomer; and 30% by weight of the combined weight of the thiol monomer and the ene monomer.
13. The composition of claim 1 wherein the methacrylate monomer is a dimethacrylate monomer.
14. The composition of claim 13 wherein the methacrylate monomer is selected from ethylene glycoldi(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA), tetraethyleneglycoldi(meth)acrylate (TEGDMA), poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates, the condensation product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate, 2,2′-bis[4-(3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxy propoxy)-phenyl]propane (BisGMA), hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, butanediol di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, triethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, dipropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, and allyl (meth)acrylate.
15. The composition of claim 14 wherein the methacrylate monomer is ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA).
16. The composition of claim 1 wherein the thiol monomer is selected from one or more of pentaerythritol tetramercaptopropionate (PETMP); 1-Octanethiol; Butyl 3-mercaptopropionate; 2,4,6-trioxo-1,3,5-triazina-triy (triethyl-tris(3-mercapto propionate); 1,6-Hexanedithiol; 2,5-dimercaptomethyl-1,4-dithiane, pentaerythritol tetramercaptoacetate, trimethylolpropane trimercaptoacetate, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol, 2-mercaptoethylsulfide, 2,3-(dimercaptoethylthio)-1-mercaptopropane, 1,2,3-trimercaptopropane, toluenedithiol, xylylenedithiol, 1,8-octanedithiol, 1-hexanethiol, trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate), and glycol dimercaptopropionate.
17. The composition of claim 16 wherein the thiol monomer is pentaerythritol tetramercaptopropionate (PETMP).
18. The composition of claim 1 wherein the ene monomer comprises two or more ene functional groups.
19. The composition of claim 18 wherein the ene monomer is selected from one or more of Triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione (TATATO); Triethyleneglycol divinyl ether (TEGDVE); Trimethylolpropane diallyl ether; Dodecyl vinyl ether (DDVE); 1,6-heptadiyne; 1,7-octadiyne; bis-2,2-[4-(2-[norborn-2-ene-5-carboxylate]ethoxy)phenyl]propane (BPAEDN); 1,6-hexanediol di-(endo,exo-norborn-2-ene-5-carboxylate) (HDDN); trimethylolpropane tri-(norborn-2-ene-5-carboxylate) (TMPTN); pentaerythritoltri-(norborn-2-ene-5-carboxylate) (PTN3); pentaerythritol tetra-(norborn-2-ene-5-carboxylate) (PTN4); tricyclodecane dimethanol di-(endo, exo-norborn-2-ene-5-carboxylate) (TCDMDN); and di(trimethylolpropane)tetra-(norborn-2-ene-5-carboxylate) (DTMPTN).
20. The composition of claim 19 wherein the ene monomer is selected from Triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione (TATATO) and trimethylolpropane tri-(norborn-2-ene-5-carboxylate) (TMPTN).
21. The composition of claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of the thiol functional groups to the ene functional groups is from greater than 1.5:1 to about 3:1.
22. The composition of claim 21 wherein the molar ratio of the thiol functional groups to the ene functional groups is 2:1.
23. A method of preparing a shaped dental prosthetic device for use in a human mouth, the method comprising:
dispensing a photopolymerizable composition comprising, relative to the total weight of all polymerizable monomers:
a. at least about 70% by weight of a methacrylate monomer having two or more methacrylate moieties; and
b. at least about 10% by weight of combined weight of a thiol monomer and an ene monomer; wherein the molar ratio of thiol functional groups from the thiol monomer relative to the ene functional groups from the ene monomer is greater than 1.5:1;
c. a photoinitiator; and
d. a filler;
shaping the composition into a form of the shaped dental prosthetic device; and
photopolymerizing the shaped composition.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the molar ratio of the thiol functional groups to the ene functional groups is greater than about 2:1.
25. The method of claim 23 wherein the molar ratio of the thiol functional groups to the ene functional groups is from greater than 1.5:1 to about 3:1.
26. The method of claim 25 wherein the molar ratio of the thiol functional groups to the ene functional groups is 2:1.