Solid-state fuel cell including anode and cathode chemical electrolyte protection layers and a hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide dense film

1. A solid-state fuel cell comprising:

an anode;

an anode side chemical electrolyte protection layer disposed on the anode;

a hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide dense film disposed on the anode side chemical electrolyte protection layer;

a cathode side chemical electrolyte protection layer disposed on the hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide dense film; and

a cathode disposed on the cathode side chemical electrolyte protection layer, wherein:

the anode side chemical electrolyte protection layer and the cathode side chemical electrolyte protection layer prevent penetration of CO 2 and SOx into the hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide dense film, and

the interface between the anode side chemical electrolyte protection layer and the hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide dense film and the interface between the hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide dense film and the cathode side chemical electrolyte protection layer have rough and uneven microstructures, respectively.

2. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the anode and the cathode comprises a porous mixed ionic electronic conductor (MIEC) layer.

3. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 2 wherein the porous MIEC layer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Pd, a Pd alloy, RuO 2 , and HxWO 3 (0<x≦1).

4. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide dense film comprises at least one oxide having a perovskite structure and selected from the group consisting of barium zirconate (BZ), barium cerate (BC), strontium zirconate (SZ), strontium cerate (SC), and solid solutions thereof.

5. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide dense film comprises at least oxide having a perovskite structure and selected from the group consisting of barium zirconate (BZ), barium cerate (BC), strontium zirconate (SZ), strontium cerate (SC), solid solutions thereof, each of which is optionally doped with at least one of a divalent positive ion and a trivalent positive ion.

6. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode side chemical electrolyte protection layer and the cathode side chemical electrolyte protection layer each comprise a non-porous mixed ionic electronic conductor (MIEC) layer.

7. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 6 , wherein each non-porous MIEC layer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Pd, a Pd alloy, RuO 2 , and HxWO 3 (0<x≦1).

8. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the rough and uneven microstructure of the interface between the anode side chemical electrolyte protection layer and the hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide dense film is formed by transferring a rough and uneven microstructure formed on the surface of the anode side chemical electrolyte protection layer to the surface of the hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide dense film, and wherein the rough and uneven microstructure of the interface between the hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide dense film and the cathode side chemical electrolyte protection layer is formed by transferring a rough and uneven microstructure of the surface of the hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide dense film to the surface of the cathode side chemical electrolyte protection layer.

9. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 1 , further comprising a catalyst disposed on at least one of the interfaces between the anode side chemical electrolyte protection layer and the hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide dense film, and between the hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide dense film and the cathode side chemical electrolyte protection layer.

10. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 9 wherein the catalyst is interspersed on the interface or disposed on the interface in the form of a net.

11. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 9 , wherein the catalyst comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pt—Ru, Pt—Co, Pt—Fe, Pt—Ni, Pt—Ti, and Pt—V.

12. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 1 , further comprising a porous mixed ionic electronic conductor (MIEC) layer disposed between the anode side chemical electrolyte protection layer and the hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide dense film.

13. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 1 , further comprising a porous hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide layer disposed between the hydrogen ion conductive solid oxide dense film and the cathode side chemical electrolyte protection layer.

14. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 1 , further comprising a catalyst disposed on at least one of the anode and the cathode.

15. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 14 , wherein the catalyst is interspersed on the interface or on at least one of the anodes and the cathodes, or disposed on the interface or on at least one of the anodes and the cathodes in the form of a net.

16. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 14 , wherein the catalyst comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pt—Ru, Pt—Co, Pt—Fe, Pt—Ni, Pt—Ti, and Pt—V.

17. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the fuel cell operates using at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methane, natural gas, methanol, ethanol and liquefied hydrocarbon gas as a fuel.

18. The solid-state fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein the fuel cell operates over a temperature range from about a room temperature to about 700° C.