Fuel and fuel blending components from biomass derived pyrolysis oil
A process for the conversion of biomass derived pyrolysis oil to liquid fuel components is presented. The process includes the production of diesel, aviation, and naphtha boiling point range fuels or fuel blending components by two-stage deoxygenation of the pyrolysis oil and separation of the products.
1. A process for producing hydrocarbon products from whole pyrolysis oil feedstock comprising:
(a) partially deoxygenating the whole pyrolysis oil feedstock in a partial deoxygenation zone by contacting the pyrolysis oil with a partial deoxygenation and hydrogenation catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at deoxygenation conditions to produce a partially deoxygenated pyrolysis oil stream comprising water, gasses, light ends, and hydrocarbons;
(b) passing the partially deoxygenated pyrolysis oil stream to a separation zone to separate a water, gasses, and light ends stream from a remainder stream wherein the light ends of the water, gasses, and light ends stream are processed other than blending with the product stream of step (c); and
(c) passing the remainder stream to a full deoxygenation zone and deoxygenating the remainder stream by contacting with a deoxygenation catalyst under deoxygenation conditions, to generate a product stream comprising hydrocarbon compounds useful as a fuel or a fuel blending component in the boiling point ranges of gasoline, aviation, diesel, and any combination thereof wherein the product stream comprises from about 1 to about 14 wt % hydrocarbon compounds having a boiling point of about 400° C. to about 600° C.
2. The process of claim 1 further comprising passing the product stream to a second separation zone to separate water, gasses, and light ends from the product stream and generate a purified product stream wherein the light ends of the water, gasses, and light ends stream are processed other than blending with the product stream of claim 1 step (c), and passing the purified product stream to a product fractionation zone to separate the hydrocarbon compounds in the boiling point range of gasoline and the hydrocarbons in the boiling point range of diesel fuel.
3. The process of claim 2 further comprising separating, in the product fractionation zone, the hydrocarbons in the boiling point range of aviation fuel.
4. The process of claim 3 further comprising recycling a portion of the hydrocarbon compounds in the boiling point range of gasoline, the hydrocarbon compounds in the boiling point range of aviation fuel, the hydrocarbons in the boiling point range of diesel fuel, or any combination thereof, to the partial deoxygenation zone, the full deoxygenation zone, or both wherein the volume ratio of recycle to feed to the deoxygenation zone is in the range of about 2:1 to about 8:1.
5. The process of claim 2 further comprising passing the water, gasses, and light ends stream from the second separation zone to a reforming zone to generate a hydrogen stream, and passing the hydrogen stream to the partial deoxygenation zone, the full deoxygenation zone, or both.
6. The process of claim 2 further comprising passing the water, gasses, and light ends stream from the separation zone and the passing the water, gasses, and light ends stream from the second separation zone to a reforming zone to generate a hydrogen stream, and passing the hydrogen stream to the partial deoxygenation zone, the full deoxygenation zone, or both.
7. The process of claim 1 further comprising recycling a portion of the product stream to the partial deoxygenation zone, the full deoxygenation zone, or both wherein the volume ratio of recycle to feed to the deoxygenation zone is in the range of about 2:1 to about 8:1.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein the catalyst in the full deoxygenation zone is more active than the catalyst in the partial deoxygenation zone, the deoxygenation conditions in the full deoxygenation zone are more severe than those of the partial deoxygenation zone, or both.
9. The process of claim 1 further comprising passing the water, gasses, and light ends stream from the separation zone to a reforming zone to generate a hydrogen stream.
10. The process of claim 9 further comprising passing the hydrogen stream to the partial deoxygenation zone, the full deoxygenation zone, or both.
11. The process of claim 1 wherein the partial deoxygenation zone is operated at a pressure in the range from 3.4 MPa (500 psia) to about 20.6 MPa (3000 psia) and a temperature in the range of about 200° C. to about 400° C.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein the full deoxygenation zone is operated at a pressure between about 689 kPa (100 psia) to about 13.8 MPa (2000 psia) and at a temperature of about 300° C. to about 500° C.
13. The process of claim 1 wherein the deoxygenation and hydrogenation catalyst of the partial deoxygenation zone is a hydrotreating catalyst.
14. The process of claim 1 wherein the deoxygenation catalyst of the full deoxygenation zone is a hydrocracking catalyst.
15. A process for producing hydrocarbon products from pyrolysis oil feedstock comprising:
(a) deoxygenating the pyrolysis oil feedstock in a deoxygenation zone by contacting, in the presence of hydrogen at deoxygenation conditions, the pyrolysis oil with a partial deoxygenation and hydrogenation catalyst in a first portion of the deoxygenation zone with a full deoxygenation catalyst in a second portion of the deoxygenation zone to produce a deoxygenated pyrolysis oil stream comprising water, gasses, light ends, and hydrocarbons;
(b) passing the deoxygenated pyrolysis oil stream to a separation zone to separate a water, gasses, and light ends stream from a remainder stream wherein the light ends of the water, gasses, and light ends stream are processed other than blending with the product stream of step (c) wherein the remainder stream comprises from about 1 to about 14 wt % hydrocarbon compounds having a boiling point of about 400° C. to about 600° C.; and
(c) passing the remainder stream to a fractionation zone to separate the hydrocarbon compounds in the boiling point range of gasoline into a gasoline range stream, the hydrocarbon compounds in the boiling point range of aviation fuel into an aviation range stream and the hydrocarbons in the boiling point range of diesel fuel into a diesel range stream.
16. A process for producing hydrocarbon products from pyrolysis oil feedstock comprising:
(a) deoxygenating the pyrolysis oil feedstock in a deoxygenation zone by contacting, in the presence of hydrogen at deoxygenation conditions, the pyrolysis oil with a mixture of a partial deoxygenation catalyst and a full deoxygenation catalyst to produce a deoxygenated pyrolysis oil stream comprising water, gasses, light ends, and hydrocarbons wherein the partial deoxygenation catalyst is a hydrotreating catalyst and the full deoxygenation catalyst is a hydrocracking;
(b) passing the deoxygenated pyrolysis oil stream to a separation zone to separate a water, gasses, and light ends stream from a remainder stream wherein the light ends of the water, gasses, and light ends stream are processed other than blending with the product stream of step (c) wherein the remainder stream comprises from about 1 to about 14 wt % hydrocarbon compounds having a boiling point of about 400° C. to about 600° C.; and
(c) passing the remainder stream to a fractionation zone to separate the hydrocarbon compounds in the boiling point range of gasoline into a gasoline range stream, the hydrocarbon compounds in the boiling point range of aviation fuel into an aviation range stream and the hydrocarbons in the boiling point range of diesel fuel into a diesel range stream.