Oxidation-stabilised polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cells
Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) made from perfluorosulfonic acid polymers, displaying proton conductivity at least in the presence of water, adequate for operation in a fuel cell, comprising at least one oxidation protection agent and additives. The PEM is an acid/base polymer blend which forms acidic and basic domains, the basic polymer being formed by polybenzimidazole (PBI) and the at least one oxidation protection agent being formed by manganese oxide.
1. A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) which exhibits a proton conductivity at least in the presence of water, the proton conductivity being sufficient for the operation in a fuel cell, comprising:
at least one oxidation protection agent,
additives, and
a blend of an acid polymer and a base polymer which blend forms acidic and basic domains,
wherein the basic polymer is polybenzimidazole (PBI), the acid polymer is perfluorosulfonic acid polymer and the at least one oxidation protection agent is manganese oxide,
wherein the perfluorosulfonic acid polymer forms a proton conductive matrix phase,
wherein manganese oxide is embedded in the basic domains formed by the polybenzimidazole,
wherein the membrane contains water in an amount of 1-10 mol water per mol sulfonic acid groups, and
wherein polybenzimidazole (PBI) comprises 0.5 to 8 weight % of the PEM.
2. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the acid polymer is a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer comprising a homogeneous perfluorated polymer having a perfluoroalkyl main chain with perfluoroalkylether side chains, at the end of which is a sulfonic acid group or carboxylic acid group and the manganese oxide is MnO 2 .
3. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , characterized by a composition of the following parts,
PBI: 0.5-8 weight %,
manganese oxide: 0.1 to 15 weight %,
additives: 0.1 to 15 weight %
and the remainder perfluorosulfonic acid polymer.
4. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein PBI is 1.5 to 4 weight % of the PEM.
5. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the manganese oxide is about 0.5 to 2 weight % of the PEM.
6. A polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein further oxidation protection agents are present in addition to manganese oxide, chosen from the group consisting of Ni oxide, Co oxide and Ti oxide.
7. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the additives are chosen from reinforcing agents, fillers and humidity regulators.
8. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein lithium salts are contained as additives in an amount of 0.1 to 1 weight %.
9. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein polysulfonic acids or polyphosphonic acids or both are contained as additives in an amount of 0.1 to 5 weight %.
10. A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) which exhibits a proton conductivity at least in the presence of water, the proton conductivity being sufficient for the operation in a fuel cell, comprising:
at least one oxidation protection agent,
additives, and
a blend of an acid polymer and a base polymer which blend forms acidic and basic domains,
wherein the basic polymer is polybenzimidazole (PBI), the acid polymer is perfluorosulfonic acid polymer,
wherein polybenzimidazole (PBI) comprises 0.5 to 8 weight % of the PEM,
wherein the at least one oxidation protection agent is manganese oxide, and
wherein the ratio of MnO 2 to PBI is in the region of 0.1 to 1 in weight %.
11. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 10 , wherein the membrane contains water in an amount of 1-10 mol water per mol sulfonic acid groups.
12. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 10 , wherein the PBI is 1.5 to 4 weight % of the PEM.
13. A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) which exhibits a proton conductivity at least in the presence of water, the proton conductivity being sufficient for the operation in a fuel cell, comprising:
at least one oxidation protection agent,
additives, and
a blend of an acid polymer and a base polymer which blend forms acidic and basic domains,
wherein the basic polymer is polybenzimidazole (PBI), the acid polymer is perfluorosulfonic acid polymer and the at least one oxidation protection agent is manganese oxide,
wherein polybenzimidazole (PBI) comprises 0.5 to 8 weight % of the PEM, and
wherein the MnO 2 is primarily bound in the basic domains of the acid/base polymer blend.
14. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 13 , wherein the membrane contains water in an amount of 1-10 mol water per mol sulfonic acid groups.
15. The polymer electrolyte membrane according to claim 13 , wherein the PBI is 1.5 to 4 weight % of the PEM.