Microbiological and environmental control in poultry processing
Poultry carcasses are contacted with water treated with one or more specified dihalodialkylhydantoin biocides in a processing operation downstream from a scalding tank. The aqueous effluent from that downstream operation or from any location further downstream is recycled to the scalding tank. Surprisingly, the bromine residues from the dihalodialkylhydantoin biocides are much more thermally unstable than, for example, the commonly used microbiocide, sodium hypochlorite. Thus, the effluent from the scalding tank has its active bromine content significantly reduced before it is sent to a water purification facility wherein microbial action is used to reduce the BOD of the waste water before its release to the environment. Thus, injury to this desired microbial action is reduced. In addition, the recycle reduces water consumption in the overall poultry processing operation.
1. A process of processing poultry for food in a plurality of processing operations, wherein the process comprises:
A) contacting poultry carcasses in one or more processing operations, downstream from a scalding operation, with an aqueous medium containing active bromine resulting from the addition to an aqueous medium of a microbiocide comprising (i) at least one 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dialkylhydantoin in which both of the halo atoms are bromine atoms and one of the alkyl groups is a methyl group and the other is a C1-4 alkyl group or (ii) at least one 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dialkylhydantoin in which one of the halo atoms is a bromine atom and the other is a chlorine atom, and both alkyl groups are, independently, C1-4 alkyl groups, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii);
B) recycling to said scalding operation, effluent aqueous medium from at least one operation (a) which is downstream from said scalding operation and (b) which contains at least some of the active bromine resulting from said addition of said microbiocide in A) whereby thermal decomposition of said microbiocide occurs in the aqueous medium of the scalding operation; and
C) having the aqueous medium proceed, or causing the aqueous medium to proceed, from said scalding operation to a waste water purification operation wherein microbial action is utilized to reduce the biochemical oxygen demand of waste water from the process whereby the amount of microorganism destruction occurring in the water purification operation is reduced because of the thermal decomposition of microbiocide(s) that occurs in B).
2. A process as in claim 1 wherein the effluent aqueous medium is from at least one operation selected from the group consisting of (a) an inside-outside bird washing operation, (b) a continuous online processing operation, (c) an offline reprocessing operation, and (d) a prechill spray operation.
3. A process as in claim 1 wherein said active bromine results from the addition to said aqueous medium of at least one 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dialkylhydantoin in which one of the alkyl groups is a methyl group and the other is a C1-4 alkyl group.
4. A process as in claim 3 wherein said 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dialkylhydantoin is 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin.
5. A process as in claim 1 wherein said active bromine results from the addition to said aqueous medium of at least one 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dialkylhydantoin in which one of the halo groups is a bromine atom and the other halo group is a chlorine atom, and both alkyl groups are, independently, C1-4 alkyl groups.
6. A process as in claim 5 wherein said 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dialkylhydantoin is N,N′-bromochloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin.
7. A process as in claim 2 wherein said active bromine results from the addition to said aqueous medium of at least one 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dialkylhydantoin in which one of the alkyl groups is a methyl group and the other is a C1-4 alkyl group.
8. A process as in claim 7 wherein said 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dialkylhydantoin is 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin.
9. A process as in claim 2 wherein said active bromine results from the addition to said aqueous medium of at least one 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dialkylhydantoin in which one of the halo groups is a bromine atom and the other halo group is a chlorine atom, and both alkyl groups are, independently, C1-4 alkyl groups.
10. A process as in claim 9 wherein said 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dialkylhydantoin is N,N′-bromochloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin.