Hydrocarbon-based fracturing fluid compositions, methods of preparation and methods of use
The invention describes improved fracturing compositions, methods of preparing fracturing compositions and methods of use. Importantly, the subject invention overcomes problems in the use of mists as an effective fracturing composition particularly having regard to the ability of a mist to transport an effective volume of proppant into a formation. As a result, the subject technologies provide an effective economic solution to using high ratio gas fracturing compositions that can be produced in a continuous (i.e. non-batch) process without the attendant capital and operating costs of current pure gas fracturing equipment.
1. A fracturing fluid composition comprising:
a liquid component for temporarily supporting a proppant within the liquid component at the surface, the liquid component including:
i) a viscosified liquid hydrocarbon component having an initial viscosity sufficient to temporarily support proppant admixed within the viscosified liquid hydrocarbon component;
ii) a breaker for relaxing the viscosity of the viscosified liquid hydrocarbon component within a pre-determined period;
iii a proppant admixed within the viscosified liquid hydrocarbon component; and
iv) a gas component admixed with the liquid hydrocarbon under high turbulence conditions sufficient to support the proppant within a combined liquid hydrocarbon/gas component mixture wherein the combined liquid hydrocarbon/gas component mixture is characterized as a mist or liquid slug having 3-25% vol % liquid component and 75-97% gas component exclusive of the proppant,
wherein the concentration of breaker within the liquid component is sufficient to relax the initial viscosity of the liquid component to less than 10 cP at 170 sec −1 at 293K within a pre-determined time period of 30 minutes.
2. A fracturing fluid composition as in claim 1 wherein the viscosified liquid hydrocarbon component includes gelling and complexor agents having a combined concentration of 0.4-3.0 wt %.
3. A fracturing fluid composition as in claim 2 wherein the gelling agent is a phosphate ester.
4. A fracturing fluid composition as in claim 2 wherein the complexor agents are any one of or a combination of iron sulphate or an amine complexing agent.
5. A fracturing fluid composition as in claim 1 wherein the gas component is nitrogen.
6. A fracturing fluid composition as in claim 1 wherein the pre-determined period is less than 10 minutes.
7. A fracturing fluid composition as in claim 1 wherein the initial viscosity of the liquid component is 15-1000 centipoise (cP) at 170 sec −1 at 293K prior to mixing with proppant or gas component.
8. A fracturing fluid composition as in claim 1 wherein the mass of proppant is 0.25-5.0 times the mass of the liquid component.
9. A fracturing fluid composition as in claim 1 wherein the mass of proppant is 1.0-2.5 times the mass of the liquid component.
10. A fracturing fluid composition as in claim 1 wherein the breaker is magnesium oxide or calcium oxide.
11. A fracturing fluid composition as in claim 1 wherein the liquid component further comprises less than 0.1 vol % non-foaming surfactant.
12. A fracturing fluid composition comprising:
a liquid component for temporarily supporting a proppant within the liquid component at surface, the liquid component including:
(i) a viscosified liquid hydrocarbon component having an initial viscosity sufficient to temporarily support proppant admixed within the viscosified liquid hydrocarbon component; and,
(ii) a breaker for relaxing the viscosity of the viscosified liquid hydrocarbon component within a pre-determined period,
wherein the concentration of breaker within the liquid component is sufficient to relax the initial viscosity of the liquid component to less than 10 cP at 170 sec −1 at 293K within a pre-determined time period of 30 minutes, and wherein the mass of proppant is 0.25-5.0 times the mass of the liquid component.
13. A fracturing fluid composition as in claim 12 wherein the mass of proppant is 1.0-2.5 times the mass of the liquid component.
14. A fracturing fluid composition comprising:
a liquid component for temporarily supporting a proppant within the liquid component at surface, the liquid component including:
i) a viscosified liquid hydrocarbon component having an initial viscosity sufficient to temporarily support proppant admixed within the viscosified liquid hydrocarbon component; and,
ii) a breaker for relaxing the viscosity of the viscosified liquid hydrocarbon component within a pre-determined period,
wherein the concentration of breaker within the liquid component is sufficient to relax the initial viscosity of the liquid component to less than 10 cP at 170 sec −1 at 293K within a pre-determined time period of 30 minutes, and wherein the liquid component further comprises less than 0.1 vol % non-foaming surfactant.
15. A fracturing fluid composition as in claim 14 wherein the mass of proppant is 0.25-5.0 times the mass of the liquid component.
16. A fracturing fluid composition as in claim 14 wherein the mass of proppant is 1.0-2.5 times the mass of the liquid component.