Composite cemented carbide rotary cutting tools and rotary cutting tool blanks
Composite articles, including composite rotary cutting tools and composite rotary cutting tool blanks, and methods of making the articles are disclosed. The composite article includes an elongate portion. The elongate portion includes a first region composed of a first cemented carbide, and a second region autogenously bonded to the first region and composed of a second cemented carbide. At least one of the first cemented carbide and the second cemented carbide is a hybrid cemented carbide that includes a cemented carbide dispersed phase and a cemented carbide continuous phase. At least one of the cemented carbide dispersed phase and the cemented carbide continuous phase includes at least 0.5 percent by weight of cubic carbide based on the weight of the phase including the cubic carbide.
1. An article selected from a composite rotary cutting tool and a composite rotary cutting tool blank, the article comprising
an elongate portion including:
a first region comprising a first cemented carbide; and
a second region autogenously bonded to the first region and comprising a second cemented carbide;
wherein at least one of the first cemented carbide and the second cemented carbide comprises a hybrid cemented carbide comprising:
a cemented carbide dispersed phase, and
a cemented carbide continuous phase,
wherein the cemented carbide dispersed phase of the hybrid cemented carbide comprises at least 0.5 percent by weight of cubic carbide based on the weight of the cemented carbide dispersed phase, and
wherein substantially all of the cubic carbide in the hybrid cemented carbide is included in the cemented carbide dispersed phase of the hybrid cemented carbide.
2. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the cemented carbide dispersed phase comprises at least 1.0 percent by weight of cubic carbide based on the weight of the cemented carbide dispersed phase.
3. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the cubic carbide comprises at least one of titanium carbide, vanadium carbide, zirconium carbide, niobium carbide, hafnium carbide, and tantalum carbide.
4. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first region and the second region is substantially free of cubic carbide.
5. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein a contiguity ratio of the cemented carbide dispersed phase in the hybrid cemented carbide is no greater than 0.48.
6. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the cemented carbide dispersed phase comprises 2 to 50 percent by volume of the hybrid cemented carbide.
7. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein one of the first cemented carbide and the second cemented carbide is a non-hybrid cemented carbide.
8. The composite article of claim 7 , wherein the non-hybrid cemented carbide, the cemented carbide dispersed phase of the hybrid cemented carbide, and the cemented carbide continuous phase of the hybrid cemented carbide each independently comprises:
at least one transition metal carbide selected from the group consisting of titanium carbide, chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, tantalum carbide, molybdenum carbide, niobium carbide, and tungsten carbide; and
a binder comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of cobalt, a cobalt alloy, nickel, a nickel alloy, iron, and an iron alloy.
9. The composite article of claim 8 , wherein the at least one transition metal carbide comprises tungsten carbide.
10. The composite article of claim 9 , wherein the tungsten carbide has an average particle size of 0.3 to 10 micrometers.
11. The composite article of claim 8 , wherein the binder comprises at least one alloying agent selected from the group consisting of tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, carbon, boron, silicon, copper, manganese, ruthenium, aluminum, and silver.
12. The composite article of claim 8 , wherein the non-hybrid cemented carbide, the cemented carbide dispersed phase of the hybrid cemented carbide, and the cemented carbide continuous phase of the hybrid cemented carbide each individually comprises 2 to 40 percent by weight of the binder and 60 to 98 percent by weight of the metal carbide.
13. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the article is a rotary cutting tool and a surface of the elongate portion defines a cutting edge.
14. The composite article of claim 13 , wherein the cutting edge is helically oriented about a surface of the elongate portion.
15. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the first region and the second region are coaxially disposed.
16. The composite article of claim 15 , wherein one of the first region and the second region is a core region and the other of the first region and the second region is an outer region.
17. The composite article of claim 16 , wherein the outer region comprises the hybrid cemented carbide.
18. The composite article of claim 15 , wherein the first region covers at least a portion of the second region.
19. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the composite article is one of a drill, a drill blank, an end mill, an end mill blank, a tap, and a tap blank.
20. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein chemical wear resistance of the first cemented carbide differs from the chemical wear resistance of the second cemented carbide.
21. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the hardness and wear resistance of the first cemented carbide differs from the second cemented carbide.
22. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the modulus of elasticity of the first cemented carbide differs from the modulus of elasticity of the second cemented carbide.
23. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein:
the composite article is one of a drill, a drill blank, an end mill, a tap, and a tap blank; and
wherein the chemical wear resistance of the first cemented carbide differs from the chemical wear resistance of the second cemented carbide.
24. An article selected from a composite rotary cutting tool and a composite rotary cutting tool blank, the article comprising
an elongate portion including:
a first region comprising a first cemented carbide; and
a second region autogenously bonded to the first region and comprising a second cemented carbide;
wherein at least one of the first cemented carbide and the second cemented carbide comprises a hybrid cemented carbide comprising
a cemented carbide dispersed phase, and
a cemented carbide continuous phase,
wherein the cemented carbide continuous phase of the hybrid cemented carbide comprises at least 0.5 percent by weight of cubic carbide based on the weight of the cemented carbide continuous phase, and
wherein substantially all of the cubic carbide in the hybrid cemented carbide is included in the cemented carbide continuous phase of the hybrid cemented carbide.
25. The composite article of claim 24 , wherein the cemented carbide continuous phase comprises at least 1.0 percent by weight of cubic carbide based on the weight of the cemented carbide continuous phase.
26. The composite article of claim 24 , wherein the cubic carbide comprises at least one of titanium carbide, vanadium carbide, zirconium carbide, niobium carbide, hafnium carbide, and tantalum carbide.
27. The composite article of claim 24 , wherein at least one of the first region and the second region is substantially free of cubic carbide.
28. The composite article of claim 24 , wherein a contiguity ratio of the cemented carbide dispersed phase in the hybrid cemented carbide is no greater than 0.48.
29. The composite article of claim 24 , wherein the cemented carbide dispersed phase comprises 2 to 50 percent by volume of the hybrid cemented carbide.
30. The composite article of claim 24 , wherein one of the first cemented carbide and the second cemented carbide is a non-hybrid cemented carbide.
31. The composite article of claim 30 , wherein the non-hybrid cemented carbide, the cemented carbide dispersed phase of the hybrid cemented carbide, and the cemented carbide continuous phase of the hybrid cemented carbide each independently comprises:
at least one transition metal carbide selected from the group consisting of titanium carbide, chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, tantalum carbide, molybdenum carbide, niobium carbide, and tungsten carbide; and
a binder comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of cobalt, a cobalt alloy, nickel, a nickel alloy, iron, and an iron alloy.
32. The composite article of claim 31 , wherein the at least one transition metal carbide comprises tungsten carbide.
33. The composite article of claim 32 , wherein the tungsten carbide has an average particle size of 0.3 to 10 micrometers.
34. The composite article of claim 31 , wherein the binder comprises at least one alloying agent selected from the group consisting of tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, carbon, boron, silicon, copper, manganese, ruthenium, aluminum, and silver.
35. The composite article of claim 31 , wherein the non-hybrid cemented carbide, the cemented carbide dispersed phase of the hybrid cemented carbide, and the cemented carbide continuous phase of the hybrid cemented carbide each individually comprises 2 to 40 percent by weight of the binder and 60 to 98 percent by weight of the metal carbide.
36. The composite article of claim 24 , wherein the article is a rotary cutting tool and a surface of the elongate portion defines a cutting edge.
37. The composite article of claim 36 , wherein the cutting edge is helically oriented about a surface of the elongate portion.
38. The composite article of claim 24 , wherein the first region and the second region are coaxially disposed.
39. The composite article of claim 38 , wherein one of the first region and the second region is a core region and the other of the first region and the second region is an outer region.
40. The composite article of claim 39 , wherein the outer region comprises the hybrid cemented carbide.
41. The composite article of claim 38 , wherein the first region covers at least a portion of the second region.
42. The composite article of claim 24 , wherein the composite article is one of a drill, a drill blank, an end mill, an end mill blank, a tap, and a tap blank.
43. The composite article of claim 24 , wherein chemical wear resistance of the first cemented carbide differs from the chemical wear resistance of the second cemented carbide.
44. The composite article of claim 24 , wherein at least one of the hardness and wear resistance of the first cemented carbide differs from the second cemented carbide.
45. The composite article of claim 24 , wherein the modulus of elasticity of the first cemented carbide differs from the modulus of elasticity of the second cemented carbide.
46. The composite article of claim 24 , wherein:
the composite article is one of a drill, a drill blank, an end mill, a tap, and a tap blank; and
the chemical wear resistance of the first cemented carbide differs from the chemical wear resistance of the second cemented carbide.
47. An article selected from a composite rotary cutting tool and a composite rotary cutting tool blank, the article comprising an elongate portion including:
a first region comprising a first cemented carbide;
a second region autogenously bonded to the first region and comprising a second cemented carbide;
wherein one of the first cemented carbide and the second cemented carbide is a hybrid cemented carbide comprising a cemented carbide dispersed phase and a cemented carbide continuous phase, and at least one of the cemented carbide dispersed phase and the cemented carbide continuous phase of the hybrid cemented carbide comprises at least 0.5 percent by weight of cubic carbide based on the weight of such phase;
wherein the other of the first cemented carbide and the second cemented carbide is a non-hybrid cemented carbide; and
wherein the non-hybrid cemented carbide, the cemented carbide dispersed phase of the hybrid cemented carbide, and the cemented carbide continuous phase of the hybrid cemented carbide each independently comprises
60 to 98 percent by weight of at least one transition metal carbide selected from the group consisting of titanium carbide, chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, tantalum carbide, molybdenum carbide, niobium carbide, and tungsten carbide, and
2 to 40 percent by weight of a binder comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of cobalt, a cobalt alloy, nickel, a nickel alloy, iron, and an iron alloy.
48. The composite article of claim 47 , wherein at least one of the cemented carbide dispersed phase and the cemented carbide continuous phase of the hybrid cemented carbide comprises at least 1.0 percent by weight of cubic carbide based on the weight of such phase.
49. The composite article of claim 47 , wherein the cubic carbide comprises at least one of titanium carbide, vanadium carbide, zirconium carbide, niobium carbide, hafnium carbide, and tantalum carbide.
50. The composite article of claim 47 , wherein at least one of the first region and the second region is substantially free of cubic carbide.
51. The composite article of claim 47 , wherein a contiguity ratio of the cemented carbide dispersed phase in the hybrid cemented carbide is no greater than 0.48.
52. The composite article of claim 47 , wherein substantially all of the cubic carbide in the hybrid cemented carbide is included in the cemented carbide dispersed phase of the hybrid cemented carbide.
53. The composite article of claim 47 , wherein substantially all of the cubic carbide in the hybrid cemented carbide is included in the cemented carbide continuous phase of the hybrid cemented carbide.
54. The composite article of claim 47 , wherein substantially all of the cubic carbide in the hybrid cemented carbide is included in the cemented carbide continuous phase of the hybrid cemented carbide.
55. The composite article of claim 47 , wherein the cemented carbide dispersed phase comprises 2 to 50 percent by volume of the hybrid cemented carbide.
56. The composite article of claim 47 , wherein the non-hybrid cemented carbide, the cemented carbide dispersed phase of the hybrid cemented carbide, and the cemented carbide continuous phase of the hybrid cemented carbide each independently comprises:
at least one transition metal carbide selected from the group consisting of titanium carbide, chromium carbide, vanadium carbide, zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, tantalum carbide, molybdenum carbide, niobium carbide, and tungsten carbide; and
a binder comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of cobalt, a cobalt alloy, nickel, a nickel alloy, iron, and an iron alloy.
57. The composite article of claim 56 , wherein the at least one transition metal carbide comprises tungsten carbide.
58. The composite article of claim 57 , wherein the tungsten carbide has an average particle size of 0.3 to 10 micrometers.
59. The composite article of claim 56 , wherein the binder comprises at least one alloying agent selected from the group consisting of tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, carbon, boron, silicon, copper, manganese, ruthenium, aluminum, and silver.
60. The composite article of claim 56 , wherein the non-hybrid cemented carbide, the cemented carbide dispersed phase of the hybrid cemented carbide, and the cemented carbide continuous phase of the hybrid cemented carbide each individually comprises 2 to 40 percent by weight of the binder and 60 to 98 percent by weight of the metal carbide.
61. The composite article of claim 47 , wherein the article is a rotary cutting tool and a surface of the elongate portion defines a cutting edge.
62. The composite article of claim 61 , wherein the cutting edge is helically oriented about a surface of the elongate portion.
63. The composite article of claim 47 , wherein the first region and the second region are coaxially disposed.
64. The composite article of claim 63 , wherein one of the first region and the second region is a core region and the other of the first region and the second region is an outer region.
65. The composite article of claim 64 , wherein the outer region comprises the hybrid cemented carbide.
66. The composite article of claim 64 , wherein the first region covers at least a portion of the second region.
67. The composite article of claim 47 , wherein the composite article is one of a drill, a drill blank, an end mill, an end mill blank, a tap, and a tap blank.
68. The composite article of claim 47 , wherein chemical wear resistance of the first cemented carbide differs from the chemical wear resistance of the second cemented carbide.
69. The composite article of claim 47 , wherein at least one of the hardness and wear resistance of the first cemented carbide differs from the second cemented carbide.
70. The composite article of claim 47 , wherein the modulus of elasticity of the first cemented carbide differs from the modulus of elasticity of the second cemented carbide.
71. The composite article of claim 47 , wherein:
the composite article is one of a drill, a drill blank, an end mill, a tap, and a tap blank; and
the chemical wear resistance of the first cemented carbide differs from the chemical wear resistance of the second cemented carbide.