Magnetic random access memory with an elliptical magnetic tunnel junction
View Patent ↗A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based magnetic random access memory (MRAM) cell with a thermally assisted switching (TAS) writing procedure and methods for manufacturing and using same. The TAS MTJ-based MRAM cell includes a magnetic tunnel junction that is formed with an anisotropic shape and that comprises a ferromagnetic storage layer, a reference layer, and an intermediate insulating layer. The ferromagnetic storage layer has a magnetization that is adjustable above a high temperature threshold; whereas, the reference layer has a fixed magnetization. The ferromagnetic storage layer is provided with a magnetocrystalline anisotropy that is oriented essentially perpendicular to a long axis of the anisotropic shape of the magnetic tunnel junction. The TAS MTJ-based MRAM cell advantageously limits the effects of dispersion in the magnetic tunnel junction shape anisotropy coming from the fabrication process and features a lower power consumption when compared with conventional MTJ-based MRAM and TAS MTJ-based MRAM cells.
1. A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based magnetic random access memory (MRAM) cell with a thermally assisted switching (TAS) writing procedure, comprising:
a magnetic tunnel junction having an anisotropic shape and being formed from a ferromagnetic storage layer having a magnetization that is adjustable above a high temperature threshold and a reference layer having a fixed magnetization; and
an insulating layer being disposed between said storage and reference layers,
wherein said ferromagnetic storage layer has a magnetocrystalline anisotropy that is oriented perpendicularly to a long axis of said anisotropic shape of said magnetic tunnel junction.
2. The TAS MTJ-based MRAM cell according to claim 1 , wherein said anisotropic shape of said magnetic tunnel junction is selected from a group consisting of an elliptical shape, a rectangular shape, a crescent shape, a semi-elliptical shape, and a diamond shape.
3. The TAS MTJ-based MRAM cell according to claim 1 , wherein said anisotropic shape of said magnetic tunnel junction has an aspect ratio that is within a range between 1.0 and 1.5.
4. The TAS MTJ-based MRAM cell according to claim 3 , wherein said aspect ratio is within a predetermined range selected from a group of ranges consisting of a first range between 1.0 and 1.1 and a second range between 1.0 and 1.05.
5. The TAS MTJ-based MRAM cell according to claim 1 , wherein said anisotropic shape of said magnetic tunnel junction has an aspect ratio of 1.05.
6. The TAS MTJ-based MRAM cell according to claim 1 , wherein said magnetic tunnel junction further comprises an antiferromagnetic storage layer, said antiferromagnetic storage layer exchange-coupling said ferromagnetic storage layer, pinning the magnetization of said ferromagnetic storage layer below a low temperature threshold, and freeing the magnetization of said ferromagnetic storage layer above the high temperature threshold.
7. The TAS MTJ-based MRAM cell according to claim 1 , wherein said reference layer comprises a single ferromagnetic reference layer being pinned by an antiferromagnetic reference layer.
8. The TAS MTJ-based MRAM cell according to claim 1 , wherein said reference layer comprises a first ferromagnetic reference layer and a second ferromagnetic reference layer being antiferromagnetically coupled by a non-ferromagnetic reference layer, at least one of said first and second ferromagnetic reference layers being pinned by an antiferromagnetic reference layer.
9. The TAS MTJ-based MRAM cell according to claim 1 , wherein said magnetocrystalline anisotropy of said ferromagnetic storage layer and said long axis of said anisotropic shape of said magnetic tunnel junction form an angle within a preselected range between eighty degrees and ninety degrees, inclusive.
10. A magnetic memory device formed from an array comprising a plurality of TAS-MRAM cells characterized by claim 1 .
11. A magnetic tunnel junction suitable for use with a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based magnetic random access memory (MRAM) cell with a thermally assisted switching (TAS) writing procedure, comprising:
a ferromagnetic storage layer having a magnetization that is adjustable above a high temperature threshold;
a reference layer having a fixed magnetization; and
an insulating layer being disposed between said storage and reference layers,
wherein said ferromagnetic storage layer has a magnetocrystalline anisotropy that is oriented perpendicularly to a long axis of an anisotropic shape of the magnetic tunnel junction.
12. The magnetic tunnel junction according to claim 11 , wherein the anisotropic shape is selected from a group consisting of an elliptical shape, a rectangular shape, a crescent shape, a semi-elliptical shape, and a diamond shape.
13. The magnetic tunnel junction according to claim 11 , wherein the anisotropic shape has an aspect ratio that is within a range between 1.0 and 1.5.
14. The magnetic tunnel junction according to claim 13 , wherein said aspect ratio is within a predetermined range selected from a group of ranges consisting of a first range between 1.0 and 1.1 and a second range between 1.0 and 1.05.
15. The magnetic tunnel junction according to claim 11 , further comprising an antiferromagnetic reference layer that pins said reference layer.
16. The magnetic tunnel junction according to claim 15 , wherein said reference layer comprises a single ferromagnetic reference layer that is pinned by said antiferromagnetic reference layer.
17. The magnetic tunnel junction according to claim 15 , wherein said reference layer comprises a first ferromagnetic reference layer and a second ferromagnetic reference layer being antiferromagnetically coupled by a non-ferromagnetic reference layer, at least one of the first and second ferromagnetic reference layers being pinned by said antiferromagnetic reference layer.
18. The magnetic tunnel junction according to claim 11 , further comprising an antiferromagnetic storage layer that exchange-couples said ferromagnetic storage layer, pins the magnetization of said ferromagnetic storage layer below a low temperature threshold, and frees the magnetization of said ferromagnetic storage layer above the high temperature threshold.
19. The magnetic tunnel junction according to claim 11 , wherein said magnetocrystalline anisotropy of said ferromagnetic storage layer and said long axis of said anisotropic shape of said magnetic tunnel junction form an angle within a range between eighty degrees and ninety degrees, inclusive.
20. A method of writing data in a thermally assisted switching (TAS), magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based magnetic random access memory (MRAM) cell comprising a magnetic tunnel junction, a select transistor coupled with the magnetic tunnel junction and controllable via a word line, a connecting current line electrically connected to the magnetic tunnel junction, and a word current line, the magnetic tunnel junction being provided with an anisotropic shape and including a ferromagnetic storage layer, a reference layer having a fixed magnetization, and an insulating layer being disposed between the storage and reference layers, the ferromagnetic storage layer having a magnetization that is adjustable above a high temperature threshold and a magnetocrystalline anisotropy that is oriented perpendicularly to a long axis of the anisotropic shape of the magnetic tunnel junction, comprising:
heating the magnetic tunnel junction to the high temperature threshold;
aligning the magnetization of the ferromagnetic storage layer relative to the fixed magnetization of the reference layer; and
cooling the magnetic tunnel junction to a low temperature threshold at which the magnetization of the ferromagnetic storage layer is pinned.
21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein said heating the magnetic tunnel junction includes passing a junction current pulse through the magnetic tunnel junction via the connecting current line when the select transistor is in an open mode.
22. The method according to claim 20 , wherein said aligning the magnetization of the ferromagnetic storage layer is performed by a word magnetic field generated by passing a current through the word current line.
23. The method according to claim 20 , wherein said aligning the magnetization of the ferromagnetic storage layer comprises one of aligning the magnetization of the ferromagnetic storage layer in a direction parallel with the fixed magnetization of the reference layer and aligning the magnetization of the ferromagnetic storage layer in a direction antiparallel with the fixed magnetization of the reference layer.
24. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the ferromagnetic storage layer and the long axis of the anisotropic shape of the magnetic tunnel junction form an angle within a range between eighty degrees and ninety degrees, inclusive.