Axon Regeneration with PKC Inhibitors
Regenerative growth of an adult mammalian central nervous system neuron axon subject to growth inhibition by endogenous, myelin growth repulsion factors is promoted by delivering to the axon a therapeutically effective amount of a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C, whereby regenerative growth of the axon is promoted and a resultant promotion of the regenerative growth of the axon is detected.
1 . A method for promoting regenerative growth of an adult mammalian central nervous system neuron axon subject to growth inhibition by endogenous, myelin growth repulsion factors, the method comprising the steps of delivering to the axon a therapeutically effective amount of a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C, whereby regenerative growth of the axon is promoted; and detecting a resultant promotion of the regenerative growth of the axon.
2 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the method is practiced in vitro, and the axon and repulsion factors are isolated.
3 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the axon is an adult human central nervous system spinal neuron axon in situ and damaged by a spinal injury, the inhibitor is a specific inhibitor of a Ca-dependent, conventional protein kinase C, and the delivering step is effected by locally administering to a human patient in need thereof at the axon a therapeutically effective amount of the inhibitor.
4 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) 542 (+−)-1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride;
(b) 543 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazine;
(c) 609 (+/−)-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride;
(d) 621 10-[3-(1-Piperazinyl)propyl]-2-trifluoromethylphenothiazine dimaleate; and
(e) 632 (+/−)-Stearoylcamitine chloride.
5 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: Ro-31-7549, Ro-31-8220, Ro-31-8425 and Ro-32-0432.
6 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: Gö6976, Gö6983 and Gö7874.
7 . A method according to claim 2 , wherein the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) 542 (+−)-1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride;
(b) 543 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazine;
(c) 609 (+/−)-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride;
(d) 621 10-[3-(1-Piperazinyl)propyl]-2-trifluoromethylphenothiazine dimaleate; and
(e) 632 (+/−)-Stearoylcamitine chloride.
8 . A method according to claim 2 , wherein the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: Ro-31-7549, Ro-31-8220, Ro-31-8425 and Ro-32-0432.
9 . A method according to claim 2 , wherein the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: Gö6976, Gö6983 and Gö7874.
10 . A method according to claim 3 , wherein the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) 542 (+−)-1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride;
(b) 543 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazine;
(c) 609 (+/−)-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride;
(d) 621 10-[3-(1-Piperazinyl)propyl]-2-trifluoromethylphenothiazine dimaleate; and
(e) 632 (+/−)-Stearoylcamitine chloride.
11 . A method according to claim 3 , wherein the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: Ro-31-7549, Ro-31-8220, Ro-31-8425 and Ro-32-0432.
12 . A method according to claim 3 , wherein the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: Gö6976, Gö6983 and Gö7874.
13 . A method according to claim 1 , wherein the inhibitor is Gö6976.
14 . A method according to claim 2 , wherein the inhibitor is Gö6976.
15 . A method according to claim 3 , wherein the inhibitor is Gö6976.
16 . An implantable device for promoting regenerative growth of an adult mammalian central nervous system neuron axon subject to growth inhibition by endogenous, myelin growth repulsion factors, the device comprising a nerve guide tube containing nerve guiding filaments and loaded with a premeasured, discrete and contained amount of a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C, and specifically adapted for implementing a method comprising the steps of delivering locally to the axon a therapeutically effective amount of the inhibitor, whereby regenerative growth of the axon is promoted; and detecting a resultant promotion of the regenerative growth of the axon.
17 . A device according to claim 16 , wherein the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) 542 (+−)-1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride;
(b) 543 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazine;
(c) 609 (+/−)-Palmitoylcarnitine chloride;
(d) 621 10-[3-(1-Piperazinyl)propyl]-2-trifluoromethylphenothiazine dimaleate; and
(e) 632 (+/−)-Stearoylcamitine chloride.
18 . A device according to claim 16 , wherein the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: Ro-31-7549, Ro-31-8220, Ro-31-8425 and Ro-32-0432.
19 . A device according to claim 16 , wherein the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: Gö6976, Gö6983 and Gö7874.
20 . A kit comprising an implantable device for promoting regenerative growth of an adult mammalian central nervous system neuron axon subject to growth inhibition by endogenous, myelin growth repulsion factors, the device comprising a nerve guide tube containing nerve guiding filaments and loaded with premeasured, discrete and contained amounts of a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C, and specifically adapted for implementing a method comprising the steps of delivering locally to the axon a therapeutically effective amount of the inhibitor, whereby regenerative growth of the axon is promoted; and detecting a resultant promotion of the regenerative growth of the axon, and printed or electronic instructions describing the method.