Method of processing a substrate

1. A method of processing a substrate, the method comprising:

loading a substrate in a chamber;

processing the substrate with a first plasma mode; and then

processing the substrate with a second plasma mode, wherein at least one of the first plasma mode and the second plasma mode is a time-modulation mode in which a plasma induced in the chamber is periodically turned on and off to reduce plasma-induced damage in the substrate, wherein the time-modulation mode is controlled by periodically turning on and off a power supply for inducing the plasma, and wherein the power supply for inducing the plasma includes a first-radio-frequency power supplied to upper electrodes disposed on the substrate and a second-radio-frequency power supplied to lower electrodes disposed under the substrate, and

wherein, in the time-modulation mode, both the first-radio-frequency power and the second-radio-frequency power are periodically turned on and off.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the time-modulation mode is controlled by periodically turning on and off introduction of at least one process gas for inducing the plasma.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the introduction of the at least one process gas is controlled by periodically turning on and off at least one high-speed gas puffing valve attached to the chamber.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein both the first plasma mode and the second plasma mode are the time-modulation mode.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising processing the substrate in a third plasma mode after processing the substrate in the second plasma mode.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the third plasma mode is a continuous-operation mode in which the plasma is continuously turned on.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein a pressure in the chamber in the third plasma mode is lower than a pressure in the chamber in the second plasma mode.

8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the first plasma mode, the second plasma mode, and the third plasma mode are the time-modulation mode.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chamber is at least a portion of a high-density plasma chemical vapor deposition apparatus.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein at least one of the processing of the substrate in the first plasma mode and the processing of the substrate in the second plasma mode comprises depositing a material layer on the substrate.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the material layer comprises an insulating material.

12. A method of processing a substrate, the method comprising:

loading a substrate in a chamber;

processing the substrate with a first plasma mode, wherein the first plasma mode is a continuous-operation mode in which a plasma is continuously turned on in the chamber, and then

processing the substrate with a second plasma mode, wherein the second plasma mode is a time-modulation mode in which a plasma is periodically turned on and off in the chamber to reduce plasma-induced damage to the substrate.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein a pressure in the chamber in the second plasma mode is higher than a pressure in the chamber in the first plasma mode.

14. A method of processing a substrate, the method comprising:

loading a substrate in a chamber of a high-density plasma chemical vapor deposition apparatus;

depositing a material layer on the substrate using a plasma with a time-modulation mode, wherein the plasma in the time-modulation mode is obtained by periodically turning on and off the plasma induced in the chamber to reduce plasma-induced damage in the substrate, and

stabilizing the plasma in a continuous-operation mode, in which the plasma is continuously turned on, before depositing the material layer.