Coffee-derived surfactants
Coffee-derived surfactants are provided by transesterification reactions of sugars and coffee oil. The coffee-derived surfactants are especially useful in the production of coffee oil emulsions for use with, or incorporation into, coffee products.
1. A soluble coffee comprising:
a coffee-derived sugar-fatty acid ester composition obtained from a reaction of a portion of a first coffee material with a portion of a second coffee material; and
a soluble coffee composition,
wherein the coffee-derived sugar-fatty acid ester composition includes a sugar residue selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides and mixtures thereof derived from the first coffee material treated to increase the level of sugar and remove at least a portion of acids, phenolic compounds and proteins and a fatty acid residue derived from the second coffee material, the coffee-derived sugar-fatty acid ester composition further including unreacted coffee material and coffee material by-products in addition to sugar-fatty acid esters, the sugar residue including sugar selected from the group consisting of mannose, glucose, fructose, galactose, cellobiose and mixtures thereof,
wherein the first coffee material is selected from the group consisting of roast and ground coffee, spent coffee ground, coffee aqueous extract, green coffee bean extract, and mixtures thereof, and
wherein the second coffee material is selected from the group consisting of roast and ground coffee, coffee oil, spent coffee ground, spent coffee oil, coffee aqueous extract, green coffee bean extract, and mixtures thereof.
2. The soluble coffee of claim 1 , wherein the second coffee material is coffee oil.
3. The soluble coffee of claim 1 , wherein the sugar residue includes mannose.
4. The soluble coffee of claim 1 , wherein the sugar-fatty acid ester is a surfactant that is the transesterification product of a sugar derived from the first coffee material with the second coffee material using an alkaline transesterification catalyst derived from a third coffee material.
5. The soluble coffee of claim 4 , wherein the first, second and third coffee materials are the same.
6. The soluble coffee of claim 4 , wherein the third coffee material is an ashed coffee material.
7. The soluble coffee of claim 1 , wherein the first coffee material is treated to contain at least 80% sugars.
8. A coffee-derived surfactant comprising:
a sugar-fatty acid ester composition which includes a transesterification product of a sugar derived from a first coffee material with a coffee oil using an ashed coffee material as an alkaline catalyst,
wherein the sugar-fatty acid ester composition includes a sugar residue and a fatty acid source, the sugar residue selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides and mixtures thereof derived from the first coffee material and the fatty acid source being the coffee oil such that the sugar-fatty acid ester does not include any non-coffee derived materials, wherein the sugar-fatty acid composition further includes unreacted coffee material and coffee material by-products and wherein the sugar residue includes sugar selected from the group consisting of mannose, glucose, fructose, galactose, cellobiose and mixtures thereof.
9. The coffee-derived surfactant of claim 8 , wherein the first coffee material is selected from the group consisting of roast and ground coffee, spent coffee ground, coffee aqueous extract, green coffee bean extract, and mixtures thereof.
10. The coffee-derived surfactant of claim 8 , wherein the sugar residue includes mannose.
11. The coffee-derived surfactant of claim 8 , wherein the coffee-derived surfactant is added to water to create a stable oil-in-water emulsion.
12. The coffee-derived surfactant of claim 11 , wherein the oil-in-water emulsion has an average droplet size of 8 microns.
13. The coffee-derived surfactant of claim 8 in combination with a soluble coffee material.
14. A soluble coffee consisting essentially of:
a coffee-derived sugar-fatty acid ester composition obtained from a reaction of a portion of a first coffee material with a portion of a second coffee material; and
a soluble coffee composition,
wherein the coffee-derived sugar-fatty acid ester composition includes a sugar residue selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides and mixtures thereof derived from the first coffee material treated to increase the level of sugar and remove at least a portion of acids, phenolic compounds and proteins and a fatty acid residue derived from the second coffee material such that the coffee-derived sugar-fatty acid ester composition does not include any non-coffee derived materials, including unreacted coffee materials and coffee material by-products in addition to sugar-fatty acid esters, wherein the sugar residue includes sugar selected from the group consisting of mannose, glucose, fructose, galactose, cellobiose and mixtures thereof.
15. The soluble coffee composition of claim 14 wherein the sugar fatty-acid ester composition includes mannose monoesters prepared from spent coffee grounds using thermal hydrolysis, unreacted spent coffee grounds and by-products of thermal hydrolysis of spent coffee grounds.