Sensitive emission light gathering and flow through detection system
A method of detecting fluorescence/absorbance/luminescence from 24-well, 48-well, 96-well, 384-well and 1536-well microplates and other sample containers. The sample is pumped into a waveguide. The waveguide efficiently gathers and guides the emission light to the end of the waveguide. The emission light exits the ends of the waveguide and is focused into a detector. To minimize background caused by the excitation light used for fluorescence, the excitation illuminates the waveguides at 90 degrees. To facilitate reuse, the waveguide assembly can be configured to be washed by an appropriate wash solution.
1. A system comprising:
a plurality of waveguide assemblies, each of said waveguide assemblies comprising:
a chamber for accommodating a sample and passing the sample therethrough;
a distal end providing at least a first access to the chamber; and
a proximal end comprising at least a light transmissive portion; and
at least one wall extending from the proximal end to the distal end in a longitudinal direction; and
wherein the at least one wall is configured to interact with the sample whereby the wall and the sample comprise a waveguide configuration for directing light emitted by the sample toward the proximal end; and
a reservoir for accommodating the sample therein;
wherein the sample is delivered from the reservoir into the chamber of the at least one of the waveguide assemblies via the distal end of the least one of the waveguide assemblies,
the proximal end comprises a connector, said connector comprising the light transmissive portion, and
the light transmissive portion comprises a lens for focusing the light emitted by the sample directed by the waveguide configuration toward the proximal end.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a light source configured to emit light for illuminating the chamber of at least one of the waveguide assemblies at an angle of approximately 90 degrees with respect to the outer longitudinal surface of the chamber.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the light source comprises at least one of a single light source, a series of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and a laser.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein the single light source generates near UV and visible lights, the system further comprising band pass filters configured to select specific wavelength of light output from the light source.
5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the LEDs comprise high power LEDs, the system further comprising band pass filters configured to select specific wavelength of light output from the LEDs.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the distal end and the proximal end of at least one of the waveguide assemblies is configured to receive a wash solution.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the wash solution passes through the chamber of the at least one of the waveguide assemblies.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein a flow direction of the wash solution through the chamber of the at least one of the waveguide assemblies is opposite to a flow direction of the sample.
9. The system of claim 6 , wherein the at least one of the waveguide assemblies is configured for repeated introduction of the sample and repeated receiving of the washing solution, whereby the at least one of the waveguide assemblies is configured for repeated use.
10. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an emission detector configured with respect to at least one of the waveguide assemblies to detect light output from the light transmissive portion of the proximal end of the at least one of the waveguide assemblies.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the emission detector comprises at least one of a spectrometer, a PMT or photo diode, and a CCD.
12. The system of claim 1 , comprising a configuration of one of 8, 12, 16, or 24 of said waveguide assemblies configured to retrieve sample from 8, 12, 16 or 24 reservoirs at a time, respectively.
13. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of reservoirs, wherein at least one of said waveguide assemblies is configured to retrieve samples from said plurality of reservoirs one sample at a time.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reservoir comprises one of a 24-well, a 48-well, a 96-well, a 384 well, or a 1536-well microplate configurations.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the 24-well microplate comprises a 3×8 microplate configuration, a 48-well microplate comprises a 6×8 microplate configuration, a 96-well microplate comprises a 8×12 microplate configuration, a 384 well microplate comprises a 16×24 microplate configuration, and a 1536-well microplate comprises a 32×48 microplate configuration.
16. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a lens configured with respect to the light transmissive portion for focusing the light transmitted through the light transmissive portion.
17. The system of claim 1 , wherein the connector comprises transmissive material integrally forming the light transmissive portion.
18. The system of claim 1 , wherein the connector comprises transmissive material integrally forming the light transmissive portion comprising said lens.
19. The system of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide assemblies are configured for packaging as a group.
20. The system of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide assemblies are configured for packaging as a group, and at least one of the waveguide assemblies packaged as the group comprises said lens.
21. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one wall comprises a reflective coating at least in the vicinity of said distal end.
22. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a pump connected to at least one of the waveguide assemblies,
wherein the pump facilitates the delivery of the sample from the reservoir into the chamber of the at least one of the waveguide assemblies.
23. The system of claim 1 , wherein a capillary action of the chamber facilitates delivery of the sample from the reservoir into the chamber of the at least one of the waveguide assemblies.
24. A flow through waveguide assembly comprising:
a chamber for accommodating a sample and passing the sample therethrough;
a distal end providing at least a first access to the chamber; and
a proximal end comprising at least a light transmissive portion;
at least one wall extending from the proximal end to the distal end in a longitudinal direction; and
a connector comprising the light transmissive portion;
wherein the at least one wall is configured to interact with the sample whereby the wall and the sample comprise a waveguide configuration for directing light emitted by the sample toward the proximal end, and
the light transmissive portion comprises a lens focusing the light emitted by the sample directed by the waveguide configuration toward the proximal end.
25. The flow through waveguide assembly of claim 24 , further comprising a lens configured with respect to the light transmissive portion for focusing the light transmitted through the light transmissive portion.
26. The flow through waveguide assembly of claim 24 , wherein the connector comprises transmissive material integrally forming the light transmissive portion.
27. The flow through waveguide assembly of claim 24 , wherein the connector comprises transmissive material integrally forming the light transmissive portion comprising said lens.
28. The flow through waveguide assembly of claim 24 , wherein the at least one wall comprises a reflective coating at least in the vicinity of said distal end.
29. The flow through waveguide assembly of claim 24 , wherein the at least one wall comprises a reflective coating on external surface thereof.
30. The flow through waveguide assembly of claim 24 , wherein the sample comprises one of liquid or gas.