Process for the manufacture of hydrocarbon components
The present invention relates to hydrocarbons and particularly to the manufacture of hydrocarbon components suitable as aviation fuels or jet fuels and as blending stocks for aviation fuels. The process comprises the stages, wherein in the first stage an oil feed of biological origin and hydrogen gas are subjected to conditions sufficient to effect hydrodeoxygenation in the presence of a hydrodeoxygenation catalyst to yield n-paraffins; in the second stage the n-paraffins and hydrogen gas are subjected to conditions sufficient to effect isomerization in the presence of an isomerization catalyst to yield isoparaffins and separating fractions; and recycling the fraction boiling at a temperature above 200° C. under atmospheric pressure obtained from the second stage to reisomerization, where isomerization is effected in the presence of an isomerization catalyst.
1. A process for producing hydrocarbons suitable for aviation fuel, said process comprising:
a first stage wherein feed comprising a fatty acid and/or a fatty acid ester and/or a fatty acid anhydride of biological origin and hydrogen gas are subjected to conditions sufficient to effect hydrodeoxygenation in the presence of a hydrodeoxygenation catalyst to yield n-paraffins, wherein the conditions comprise a pressure between 10 and 150 bar, a temperature between 200 and 400° C., and the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst comprising a metal selected from Group VIII and/or VIB of the Periodic System of Elements;
a second stage wherein the n-paraffins and hydrogen gas are subjected to conditions sufficient to effect isomerisation in the presence of an isomerisation catalyst contained in a first isomerisation reaction section to yield isoparaffins and separating fractions, wherein the conditions comprise a pressure between 10 and 150 bar, a temperature between 280 and 400° C., and the presence of an isomerization catalyst comprising a molecular sieve and/or a metal selected from Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements; and
a third stage wherein a separated fraction of the separating fractions boiling at or above 200° C. temperature under atmospheric pressure obtained from the second stage is passed directly to a second isomerisation reaction section and subjected to conditions sufficient to effect reisomerisation to yield aviation fuel, wherein the conditions comprise a pressure between 10 and 150 bar, a temperature higher than the temperature in the second stage, and the presence of an isomerisation catalyst comprising a molecular sieve and/or a metal selected from Group VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fraction boiling at or above 200° C. temperature is combined with a fraction boiling in the diesel fuel range or part of it.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the produced hydrocarbons suitable for aviation fuel comprise isoparaffinic hydrocarbons and contain no olefins, aromatic compounds, naphthenes or sulphur compounds.