Light beam pattern and photovoltaic elements layout
System(s) and method(s) are provided for assembling and utilizing parabolic reflectors in a solar concentrator. Parabolic reflectors assembly starts with a low-cost, flat reflective material that is bent into a parabolic or trough shape via a set of support ribs that are affixed in a support beam. The parabolic reflectors are mounted on a support frame in various panels or arrays to form a parabolic solar concentrator. Each parabolic reflector focuses light in a line segment pattern. Light beam pattern focused onto a receiver via the parabolic solar concentrator can be optimized. The receiver is attached to the support frame, opposite the parabolic reflector arrays, and includes a photovoltaic (PV) module and a heat harvesting element that enable dual-mode energy conversion operation. To increase performance of the parabolic solar concentrator, the PV module can be configured to advantageously exploit a light beam pattern optimization regardless irregularities in the pattern.
1. A solar concentrator comprising:
at least one receiver configured to receive light from at least one reflector, the at least one receiver comprising a plurality of photovoltaic (PV) modules having a modular configuration, wherein each PV module in the plurality of PV modules comprising:
a heat collector, comprising a front surface and a back surface, further comprising:
a cluster of PV cells located on the front surface; and
a cavity located on the back surface opposite to the location of PV cells located on the front surface and connected to a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, wherein the cavity comprising a surface with a plurality of channels aligned to facilitate flow of coolant between the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet, the back surface of the heat collector is configured to be located against a planar surface configured to cover the back surface of the heat collector thereby forming a chamber with the cavity through which coolant flows from the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet;
wherein the plurality of PV modules are combined to form the receiver, with the coolant passing therebetween the plurality of PV modules, the coolant inlet opens onto the front surface and on a first side of the cluster of PV cells and the coolant outlet opens on the front surface and on a second side of the cluster of PV cells, the coolant inlet, coolant outlet and cluster of PV cells are located coplanar on the front surface, the first side and second side of the cluster of PV cells are diametrically opposed, the coolant inlet and coolant outlet connect to the back surface cavity.
2. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the clusters of PV cells are arranged to optimally utilize the received light, each PV cell in the cluster of PV cells comprises at least one of a crystalline silicon solar cell, a crystalline germanium solar cell, a solar cell based on the III-V semiconductor group, a CuGaSe-based solar cell, a CuInSe-based solar cell, an amorphous silicon cell, a thin-film tandem solar cell, a triple-junction solar cell, or a nanostructured solar cell.
3. The solar concentrator of claim 2 , wherein each PV cell in the cluster of PV cells is monolithic and oriented along a specific axis normal to a plane that contains the PV module.
4. The solar concentrator of claim 2 , wherein each cluster of PV cells comprises at least one row of a plurality of PV cells electrically coupled in a series connection.
5. The solar concentrator of claim 4 , wherein the at least one row of the plurality of PV cells comprises current-matched PV active elements, wherein the PV active elements are current matched based at least in part on a performance characterization conducted in a testing facility under simulated operating field conditions.
6. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the coolant is associated with a thermal energy harvest system.
7. The solar concentrator of claim 6 , wherein the thermal energy harvest system comprises a thermoelectric device configured to convert heat energy conveyed by the coolant into electricity energy.
8. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the at least one receiver includes a casing configured to reflect light received from the at least one reflector towards the at least one receiver.
9. The solar concentrator of claim 8 , wherein the casing comprises a plurality of nozzles to facilitate exhaustion of hot air from a vicinity of the PV module to increase energy conversion performance.
10. A photovoltaic receiver, comprising:
a plurality of photovoltaic (PV) modules having a modular configuration, wherein each PV module in the plurality of PV modules comprising:
a solid platform comprising a first flat surface and a second side diametrically opposed to the first flat surface, further comprising:
a set of electrically and mutually coupled PV elements, the set of PV elements fixated on the first flat surface of the solid platform; wherein the set of PV elements are arranged in at least one cluster of PV elements configured to maximize exposure to sunlight incident in the PV module, the PV elements include at least one of crystalline semiconductor-based solar cells, amorphous silicon cells, thin-film tandem solar cell, or nanostructured solar cells; and
a cavity located on the second side connected to a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, wherein the cavity comprising a surface with a plurality of channels aligned to facilitate flow of coolant between the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet, the second side of the heat collector is configured to be located against a planar surface configured to cover the second side of the heat collector thereby forming a chamber with the cavity through which coolant flows from the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet, the coolant inlet opens onto the front surface and on a first side of the cluster of PV elements and the coolant outlet opens on the front surface and on a second side of the cluster of PV elements, the coolant inlet opening, coolant outlet opening and cluster of PV elements are located coplanar on the front surface, the first side and second side of the cluster of PV elements are diametrically opposed, the coolant inlet and coolant outlet connect to the back surface cavity.
11. The photovoltaic receiver of claim 10 , wherein each PV module is removably attached to the planar surface configured to cover the second side of the heat collector.
12. The photovoltaic receiver of claim 10 , wherein the solid platform is part of the PV module configured to refrigerate the set of PV elements.
13. The photovoltaic receiver of claim 10 , further comprising a reflective light collection guide configured to facilitate uniformization of light collected at the set of PV elements.
14. The photovoltaic receiver of claim 10 , wherein the PV module is coated with a thermoelectric material to supplement energy conversion generated through the photovoltaic receiver.
15. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein upon failure of any PV cell in the cluster of PV cells comprising a first PV module in the plurality of PV modules, the first PV module is replaced with a second PV module having the modular configuration of the first PV module.
16. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of channels are aligned parallel with a direction between the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet.
17. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , further comprising a light guide configured to facilitate reflection of light incident on the light guide surface onto the cluster of PV cells, wherein the light guide further comprises at least one conduit attached to at least one of the coolant inlet or the coolant outlet to facilitate circulation of the coolant between the heat collector and the light guide.
18. The solar concentrator of claim 17 , wherein a bottom surface of the light guide is configured to locate against the front surface of the heat collector, the bottom surface comprising a conduit of the at least one conduit, and an opening of the conduit located on the bottom surface aligned to open on the coolant inlet or coolant outlet.