In vivo stimulation of peripheral blood progenitor cells by granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cysteine muteins and their PEGylated variants
The growth hormone supergene family comprises greater than 20 structurally related cytokines and growth factors. A general method is provided for creating site-specific, biologically active conjugates of these proteins. The method involves adding cysteine residues to non-essential regions of the proteins or substituting cysteine residues for non-essential amino acids in the proteins using site-directed mutagenesis and then covalently coupling a cysteine-reactive polymer or other type of cysteine-reactive moiety to the proteins via the added cysteine residue. Disclosed herein are preferred sites for adding cysteine residues or introducing cysteine substitutions into the proteins, and the proteins and protein derivatives produced thereby. Also disclosed are therapeutic methods for using the cysteine variants of the invention.
1. Method to stimulate the expansion, proliferation or mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) in an animal, comprising administering to said animal a composition comprising a granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cysteine mutein of SEQ ID NO:8, wherein a cysteine residue is substituted for an amino acid selected from the group consisting of A1, A3, S5, S7, N27, T32, A33, E51, R67, S69, E93, T94, T98, Q99, T102, E123, V125, Q126, and E127, or wherein a cysteine residue is added preceding the first amino acid of the mature protein or following the last amino acid of the protein, and wherein said variant has biological activity in vitro as measured by proliferation of a cell line that proliferates in response to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a cysteine residue is substituted for an amino acid selected from the group consisting of A1, S5 and S7.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a cysteine residue is substituted for A3.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said GM-CSF cysteine mutein is modified with at least one polyethylene glycol.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a cysteine residue is substituted for N27.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a cysteine residue is substituted for an amino acid selected from the group consisting of T32, A33 and E51.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a cysteine residue is substituted for an amino acid selected from the group consisting of R67 and S69.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein a cysteine residue is substituted for an amino acid selected from the group consisting of E93, T94, T98, Q99 and T102.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein a cysteine residue is substituted for E123.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein a cysteine residue is substituted for an amino acid selected from the group consisting of V125, Q126 and E127.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said added cysteine residue is added preceding the first amino acid of the mature protein.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said added cysteine residue is added following the last amino acid of the protein.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said composition is administered by a route selected from the group consisting of intravenous administration, intraperitoneal administration, intramuscular administration, intranodal administration, intracoronary administration, intraarterial administration, subcutaneous administration, transdermal delivery, intratracheal administration, intraarticular administration, intraventricular administration, inhalation, intranasal administration, intracranial administration, intraspinal administration, intraocular administration, aural administration, oral administration, pulmonary administration, impregnation of a catheter, and direct injection into a tissue.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said composition is administered by intravenous administration.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said composition is administered by subcutaneous administration.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said expanded or mobilized PBPCs are used for transplantation.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein said expanded or mobilized PBPCs are used for blood banking.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein said GM-CSF cysteine mutein is modified with at least one polyethylene glycol.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein said GM-CSF cysteine mutein is modified with a cysteine-reactive moiety.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein said cysteine-reactive moiety is a polyethylene glycol.