Reduced-complexity multiple-input, multiple-output detection
A wireless receiver detects signals generated with a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) transmitter. The receiver applies maximum-likelihood detection (MLD) for soft-output signal detection, where an MLD exhaustive search across all candidate vectors is performed recursively by computing and accumulating the differences between, for example, the Euclidean metrics of consecutive candidate tests. Difference terms used for the accumulation are also calculated recursively. An ordering of candidates, such as by a triangular-waveform shaped ordering, is employed such that only one candidate variable is changed between any two consecutive candidate evaluations, leading to a reduced set of computations.
1. An apparatus for detecting a data pattern from a plurality of received signals, the apparatus comprising:
a mapper providing a sequence of scan values derived from a sequence of count values, each scan value selecting one of a set of candidates in a varying pattern, wherein the mapper generates the sequence of scan values so as to select each of the set of candidates in a waveform-shaped periodic scan pattern;
a difference term generator providing, for each of the sequence of count values, a difference term between a current metric value and a previous metric value based on a set of coefficients for a received symbol;
an accumulator combining, for each of a sequence of count values, the difference term with one or more previous difference terms to provide one of a set of metric values; and
a comparator generating, based on the set of metric values corresponding to the sequence of scan values, soft-output values corresponding to the data pattern.
2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a coefficient calculator providing the set of coefficients for each received symbol.
3. The apparatus as recited in claim 2 , wherein the coefficients represent the received symbol and channel characteristics.
4. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the difference term generator updates the difference term for each count value for the corresponding one of the set of candidates.
5. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the metric value for the received symbol is based on an error between the received symbol and one of the set of candidates.
6. The apparatus as recited in claim 5 , wherein the error is Euclidean distance and the metric value is based on an error metric.
7. The apparatus as recited in claim 5 , wherein the error metric is minimum squared Euclidean distance.
8. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the comparator generates each soft-output value based on the minimum of the corresponding error metric for the received symbol over the set of candidates.
9. The apparatus as recited in claim 8 , wherein each soft-output value is based on the difference between i) the minimum of the corresponding error metric for the received symbol for the soft-output value being a predefined value and ii) the minimum of the corresponding error metric for the received symbol for the soft-output value being a complement of the predefined value.
10. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the periodic scan pattern is triangular-waveform shaped.
11. For a signal processing application, a receiver-implemented method of detecting a data pattern from a plurality of received signals, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) the receiver providing a sequence of scan values derived from a sequence of count values, each scan value selecting one of a set of candidates in a varying pattern, wherein step (a) includes the step of generating the sequence of scan values so as to select each of the set of candidates in a waveform-shaped periodic scan pattern;
(b) the receiver generating, for each of the sequence of count values, a difference term between a current metric value and a previous metric value based on a set of coefficients for a received symbol;
(c) the receiver combining, for each of a sequence of count values, the difference term with one or more previous difference terms to provide one of a set of metric values; and
(d) the receiver generating, based on the set of metric values corresponding to the sequence of scan values, soft-output values corresponding to the data pattern.
12. The method as recited in claim 11 , further comprising the step of (e) providing the set of coefficients for each received symbol.
13. The method as recited in claim 12 , wherein, for step (e), the coefficients represent the received symbol and channel characteristics.
14. The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein step (b) includes the step of updating the difference term for each count value for the corresponding one of the set of candidates.
15. The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein, for step (b), the metric value for the received symbol is based on an error between the received symbol and one of the set of candidates.
16. The method as recited in claim 15 , wherein, for step (b), the error is Euclidean distance and the metric value is based on an error metric.
17. The method as recited in claim 15 , wherein, for step (b), the error metric is minimum squared Euclidean distance.
18. The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein step (d) includes the step of generating each soft-output value based on the minimum of the corresponding error metric for the received symbol over the set of candidates.
19. The method as recited in claim 18 , wherein, for step (d), each soft-output value is based on the difference between i) the minimum of the corresponding error metric for the received symbol for the soft-output value being a predefined value and ii) the minimum of the corresponding error metric for the received symbol for the soft-output value being a complement of the predefined value.
20. The method as recited in claim 11 , wherein, for step (a), the periodic scan pattern is triangular-waveform shaped.
21. A computer-readable medium (non-transitory) having stored thereon a plurality of instructions, the plurality of instructions including instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to implement a method for detecting a data pattern from a plurality of received signals, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a sequence of scan values derived from a sequence of count values, each scan value selecting one of a set of candidates in a varying pattern, wherein step (a) includes the step of generating the sequence of scan values so as to select each of the set of candidates in a waveform-shaped periodic scan pattern;
(b) generating, for each of the sequence of count values, a difference term between a current metric value and a previous metric value based on a set of coefficients for a received symbol;
(c) combining, for each of a sequence of count values, the difference term with one or more previous difference terms to provide one of a set of metric values; and
(d) generating, based on the set of metric values corresponding to the sequence of scan values, soft-output values corresponding to the data pattern.