DEGRADABLE CHEWING GUM
The present invention provides a degradable chewing gum base, degradable chewing gum, and methods of making a degradable chewing gum base and degradable chewing gum. The degradable chewing gum base includes at least one polymer or oligomer with at least two ionic groups. The polymers and oligomers possess the chewing characteristics and texture traditionally desired in a chewing gum while simultaneously providing materials which, when exposed to environmental conditions, break down to non-toxic molecules readily assimilated by nature.
1 . A degradable chewing gum base comprising at least one polymer or oligomer wherein the polymer or oligomer comprises at least two ionic groups.
2 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 1 , wherein the ionic groups are located anywhere on the polymer or oligomer molecule.
3 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 1 , wherein the ionic groups are located at the ends of the polymer or oligomer molecule.
4 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 1 , wherein the ionic groups are exclusively anionic, cationic or zwitterionic groups.
5 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 1 , wherein the ionic groups are a mixture of anionic, cationic or zwitterionic groups.
6 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 1 , wherein the ionic groups coordinate or bind to a second material.
7 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 6 , wherein the second material is a charged organic material, a non-charged organic material, a charged inorganic material, or a non-charged inorganic material.
8 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 6 , wherein the second material is a water-soluble magnesium salt or a water-soluble calcium salt.
9 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 6 , wherein the second material is a charged or non-charged polymer or oligomer with a different chemical structure than that of a degradable chewing gum base comprising at least one polymer or oligomer wherein the polymer or oligomer comprises at least two ionic groups.
10 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 6 , wherein the second material is a synthetic water-soluble polymer, a natural water-soluble polymer, a synthetic water-soluble oligomer, a natural water-soluble oligomer, a peptide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide, or a polysaccharide.
11 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 6 , wherein the second material is zein or soy protein.
12 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer or oligomer is made through ring opening, condensation, anionic, cationic, radical or atomic transfer radical polymerization.
13 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer or oligomer comprises a chemical functional group in the backbone of the polymer or oligomer chain, wherein the chemical functional group is an ester, a carbonate, an anhydride, or a urethane.
14 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 13 , wherein the polymer or oligomer is made from a monomer comprising glycolide, lactide, ethylene carbonate, trimethylene carbonate, β-butyrolactone, δ-valerolactone, ε-caprolactone, dioxanone or dioxepanone or any combinations thereof.
15 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 14 , further comprising a cyclic ester or carbonate skeleton, wherein the monomers of the cyclic ester or carbonate skeletons have one or more substituents of any carbon not being a carbonyl.
16 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer or oligomer comprises a monomer base comprising trimethylene carbonate-diol.
17 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer or oligomer comprises a copolymer comprising poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-p-dioxanone)-diol.
18 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 17 , wherein the copolymer has a ratio of trimethylene carbonate to p-dioxanone between 60:40 to 90:10.
19 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer or oligomer comprises a copolymer comprising poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-DL-lactide)-diol.
20 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer or oligomer comprises a copolymer comprising poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-ε-caprolactone-co-glycolide)-diol.
21 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer or oligomer break down to non-toxic molecules readily assimilated by nature when exposed to environmental conditions.
22 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 1 , further comprising a softening point less than about 37° C.
23 . A degradable chewing gum base according to claim 1 , further comprising an elastic shear modulus at a temperature about 30° C. of about 1 kPa to 50 MPa.
24 . A chewing gum comprising conventional chewing gum components and a gum base according to claim 1 .
25 . A chewing gum according to claim 24 , further comprising pharmaceutical additives, cosmetic additives, or mixtures thereof.
26 . A method of making a degradable chewing gum base comprising adding at least one polymer or oligomer wherein the polymer or oligomer comprises at least two ionic groups.
27 . The method of claim 26 comprising preparing the polymer or oligomer by ring opening, condensation, anionic, cationic, radical or atomic transfer radical polymerization.