Method for predicting cancer and other diseases
The invention concerns a marker for low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome (MS) and MS-related diseases and/or low-grade inflammation-related diseases such as cardiovasculardisease, ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes. More particularly it concerns the measurement of the concentration of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in human biological fluids (sputum, cystic fluid, ascites, serum, plasma, urine) as a tool of diagnosing and/or prognosticating low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome and the risk of development of the related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
1. A method for predicting the risk of developing a metabolic syndrome-related disease and/or low-grade inflammation-related disease in a mammalian subject, in particular, a human subject, comprising:
(a) obtaining a sample of blood serum or blood plasmas from a subject to determine if the subject is at risk of developing a metabolic syndrome-related disease, and/or low-grade inflammation-related disease,
(b) measuring in vitro the level of (i) soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and (ii) D2D3 cleavage products of suPAR in the one or more samples of blood serum or blood plasma derived from said subject, using immunodetection, western blot, Luminex, MALDI-TOF, or HPLC, and
(c) determining if the measured level of suPAR and D2D3 is greater than 4.029 ng/ml for the blood serum or blood plasma sample, which is indicative of an increased risk of developing a metabolic syndrome disease and/or low-grade inflammation disease,
wherein said disease is cardiovascular disease.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said subject is apparently healthy.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein more than one said sample comprising a biological fluid is derived from said subject at more than one point in time.
4. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising comparing the predicted risk at one or more time points for assessing the efficacy of a prophylactic course of action and/or treatment.
5. A method according to claim 3 , wherein said prophylactic course of action comprises physical exercise.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said in vitro measurement is an ELISA assay.
7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the levels of suPAR and D2D3 are measured by immunoassay using an antibody to determine the levels of suPAR and D2D3, wherein the antibody does not recognize the amino acid sequence SRSRY (SEQ ID NO:14) which is displayed through cleavage of SuPAR by chymotrypsin or the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:15 in the linker region between D1 and D2D3.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (b) further comprises measuring blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and/or triglycerides.