Hydrogen production by water dissociation in the presence of SnO using the SnO2/SnO couple in a series of thermochemical reactions
The invention relates to a method for preparing hydrogen that comprises a hydrolysis step (C) of solid SnO for producing hydrogen, in which the hydrogen thus produced is stored, recovered and/or upgraded, and in which the solid SnO used is obtained by the following steps: (A) thermal reduction of SnO 2 into SnO in conditions yielding gaseous SnO; and (B) cooling the gaseous SnO thus produced to a temperature lower than or equal to % 50° C. The invention also relates to devices and equipments for implementing said method.
1 . A hydrogen production process comprising a step (C) of hydrolyzing solid SnO which produces hydrogen, wherein the hydrogen produced is stored, recovered and/or enriched and the solid SnO used is obtained in accordance with the following steps:
(A) thermal reduction of SnO 2 to form SnO in conditions resulting in gaseous SnO; and
(B) cooling of the gaseous SnO thus produced to a temperature lower than or equal to 550° C.
2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein all or part of the SnO 2 formed in step (C) is recycled in step (A), by means of which the successive steps (A), (B) and (C) are implemented in the form of a cycle carrying out the thermochemical cycle represented by the following balanced reactions:
Step 1: SnO 2 →SnO+½O 2
Step 2: SnO+H 2 O→SnO 2 +H 2 .
3 . The process of any of claim 1 , wherein step (A) is carried out at a temperature of between 1,530° C. and 2,500° C. at atmospheric pressure.
4 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the thermal reduction in step (A) is carried out by using thermal energy from a source of solar origin.
5 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the cooling in step (B) is a quenching process producing solid SnO particles with a particle size of between 1 nm and 100 nm.
6 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrolysis in step (C) is carried out at a temperature of less than 600° C. at atmospheric pressure.
7 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the water used in the hydrolysis step (C) is in the form of water vapor.
8 . The process of claim 7 , wherein said water vapor used in the hydrolysis step (C) is supplied by a heat exchanger, the coolant of which is water, said heat exchanger recovering at least some of the heat from the cooling process in step (B).
9 . A device ( 1 ) for implementing step (C) of the process of claim 1 , comprising:
a solid-gas hydrolysis reactor of the plug-flow type provided with:
a first inlet for introducing solid SnO, as obtained from steps (A) and (B) as defined in claim 1 , into said hydrolysis reactor; and
a second inlet connected to water vapor supply means;
an outlet for discharging the hydrogen formed;
heating means; and
means for recovering and/or enriching the dihydrogen formed at the outlet of the hydrolysis reactor.
10 . A fuel cell comprising the device of claim 9 as a hydrogen generator.
11 . A facility for implementing the process of claim 1 , comprising:
a device for implementing step (C) of the process of claim 1 , comprising:
a solid-gas hydrolysis reactor of the plug-flow type provided with:
a first inlet for introducing solid SnO, as obtained from steps (A) and (B) as defined in claim 1 , into said hydrolysis reactor; and
a second inlet connected to water vapor supply means;
an outlet for discharging the hydrogen formed;
heating means; and
means for recovering and/or enriching the dihydrogen formed at the outlet of the hydrolysis reactor,
wherein the device for implementing step (C) is associated with:
a reactor for reducing SnO 2 into SnO provided with conveying means connected to an inlet for introducing SnO 2 and an outlet for discharging gaseous SnO;
means for cooling the gas flow containing gaseous SnO which are connected to the outlet of the reduction reactor and are suitable for converting gaseous SnO into solid SnO;
means for conveying solid SnO from the cooling means, the conveying means being connected to the first inlet of the hydrolysis reactor.
12 . The facility of claim 11 , wherein the reduction reactor is further provided with means for heating by way of a source of thermal energy of solar origin.
13 . The facility of claim 11 , wherein the means for cooling gaseous SnO comprise a heat exchanger, the coolant of which comprises water, and wherein the water supply means comprise means for conveying the water heated in the heat exchanger towards the second inlet of the hydrolysis reactor.
14 . The facility of claim 11 , wherein the means for recovering and/or enriching the hydrogen formed further comprise a means for separating the hydrogen from the excess water vapor introduced into the hydrolysis reactor.
15 . The facility of claim 11 , further comprising SnO 2 recycling means which enable SnO 2 to be transported from the outlet of the hydrolysis reactor to the inlet of the reduction reactor.
16 . The facility of claim 11 , further comprising means for extracting gaseous oxygen which are suitable for extracting gaseous oxygen and are arranged between the means for cooling gaseous SnO and the inlet of the hydrolysis reactor.
17 . The facility of claim 11 which is an industrial hydrogen production unit.