DC-DC converter
A small and efficient DC-DC converter is provided. In this DC-DC converter, passive elements such as an inductor and a capacitor can be reduced in size by reducing switching loss by a soft switching technology and increasing the drive frequency of a switching element. The DC-DC converter has a main switching element, a main diode and an auxiliary circuit that discharges the electric charges of the capacitance between the ends of the main switching element. The DC-DC converter includes an auxiliary inductor magnetically coupled with the main inductor, an auxiliary switching element that stores energy in the auxiliary inductor, and an auxiliary diode that discharges energy stored in the auxiliary inductor to the direct-current power source or the output side. The auxiliary inductor is coupled with the main inductor in the direction in which backward voltage is applied to the auxiliary diode when the main inductor discharges energy.
1. A DC-DC converter comprising:
a main switching element storing energy from a direct-current power source in a main inductor;
a diode connected in inverse parallel with the main switching element;
a main diode discharging energy stored in the main inductor to the output side; and
an auxiliary circuit discharging the electric charges of a capacitance between ends of the main switching element during a short period including when the main switching element is turned on, wherein the auxiliary circuit includes:
an auxiliary inductor magnetically coupled with the main inductor;
an auxiliary switching element storing energy in the auxiliary inductor; and
an auxiliary diode discharging energy stored in the auxiliary inductor to the direct-current power source or the output side,
wherein the auxiliary inductor is coupled with the main inductor in a direction in which backward voltage is applied to the auxiliary diode when the main inductor discharges energy.
2. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 ,
wherein the direct-current power source is connected in series with the main inductor and the main switching element;
wherein the main diode and an output capacitor are connected in series between the ends of the main switching element;
wherein the auxiliary inductor and the auxiliary switching element are connected in series between the ends of the main switching element; and
wherein the auxiliary diode is connected between a junction point between the auxiliary inductor and the auxiliary switching element, and a junction point between the main diode and the output capacitor.
3. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 ,
wherein the direct-current power source is connected in series with the main switching element and the main diode;
wherein the main inductor and an output capacitor are connected in series between ends of the main diode;
wherein the auxiliary switching element and the auxiliary inductor are connected in series between the ends of the main switching element; and
wherein the auxiliary diode is connected between a junction point between the auxiliary switching element and the auxiliary inductor, and a negative pole of the direct-current power source.
4. The DC-DC converter according to claim 2 ,
wherein a second DC-DC converter is connected to a stage subsequent to the DC-DC converter,
wherein the second DC-DC converter has input terminals thereof connected in series with a second main switching element and a second main diode,
wherein a second main inductor and a second output capacitor are connected in series between ends of the second main diode,
wherein a second auxiliary switching element and a second auxiliary inductor are connected in series between ends of the second main switching element; and
wherein a second auxiliary diode is connected between a junction point between the second auxiliary switching element and the second auxiliary inductor, and a negative pole side of the input terminals.
5. The DC-DC converter according to claim 3 ,
wherein a third DC-DC converter provided with a first reverse-flow prevention diode in series with the auxiliary switching element of the DC-DC converter and sharingly using the main inductor of the DC-DC converter is connected to a subsequent stage,
wherein the third DC-DC converter is connected in series with the sharingly used main inductor and a third main switching element,
wherein a third main diode and a third output capacitor are connected in series between ends of the third main switching element,
wherein a third auxiliary inductor and a third auxiliary switching element are connected in series between the ends of the third main switching element,
wherein the third auxiliary diode is connected between a junction point between the third auxiliary inductor and the third auxiliary switching element, and a junction point between the third main diode and the third output capacitor, and
wherein a second reverse-flow prevention diode is provided in series with the third auxiliary switching element.
6. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 ,
wherein the direct-current power source is connected in series with the main switching element and the main inductor,
wherein the main diode and an output capacitor are connected in series between ends of the main inductor,
wherein the auxiliary switching element and the auxiliary inductor are connected in series between the ends of the main switching element, and
wherein the auxiliary diode is connected between the junction point between the auxiliary switching element and the auxiliary inductor and the junction point between the main diode and the output capacitor.
7. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a smoothing capacitor storing the energy of the main inductor; and
a smoothing inductor discharging energy stored in the smoothing capacitor to the output side, wherein the smoothing capacitor exists on a path for discharging energy stored in the auxiliary inductor.
8. The DC-DC converter according to claim 7 ,
wherein the main inductor, the auxiliary inductor, and the smoothing inductor have such a winding structure that one-side terminals of these inductors are at a same potential, and
wherein the smoothing inductor is coupled in the direction in which energy is discharged to the output side when the main inductor discharges energy.
9. The DC-DC converter according to claim 7 ,
wherein the direct-current power source is connected in series with the main inductor and the main switching element,
wherein the smoothing inductor and the smoothing capacitor are connected in series between the ends of the main switching element,
wherein the main diode and an output capacitor are connected in series between the ends of the smoothing inductor,
wherein the auxiliary inductor and the auxiliary switching element are connected in series between the ends of the main switching element, and
wherein the auxiliary diode is connected between a junction point between the auxiliary inductor and the auxiliary switching element, and a junction point between the main diode and the output capacitor.
10. The DC-DC converter according to claim 7 ,
wherein the direct-current power source is connected in series with the main switching element and the main inductor,
wherein the main diode and the smoothing capacitor are connected in series between the ends of the main inductor,
wherein the smoothing inductor and an output capacitor are connected in series between the ends of the main diode,
wherein the auxiliary switching element and the auxiliary inductor are connected in series between the ends of the main switching element, and
wherein the auxiliary diode is connected between a junction point between the auxiliary switching element and the auxiliary inductor, and a junction point between the main diode and the smoothing capacitor.
11. The DC-DC converter according to claim 7 ,
wherein the direct-current power source is connected in series between the main inductor and the main switching element,
wherein the main diode and the smoothing capacitor are connected in series between the ends of the main switching element,
wherein the smoothing inductor and an output capacitor are connected in series between the ends of the main diode,
wherein the auxiliary inductor and the auxiliary switching element are connected in series between the ends of the main switching element, and
wherein the auxiliary diode is connected between a junction point between the auxiliary inductor and the auxiliary switching element, and a junction point between the main diode and the smoothing capacitor.
12. The DC-DC converter according to claim 8 ,
wherein the direct-current power source is connected in series with the main inductor and the main switching element,
wherein the smoothing inductor and the smoothing capacitor are connected in series between the ends of the main switching element,
wherein the main diode and an output capacitor are connected in series between the ends of the smoothing inductor,
wherein the auxiliary inductor and the auxiliary switching element are connected in series between the ends of the main switching element, and
wherein the auxiliary diode is connected between a junction point between the auxiliary inductor and the auxiliary switching element and a junction point between the main diode and the output capacitor.
13. The DC-DC converter according to claim 8 ,
wherein the direct-current power source is connected in series with the main switching element and the main inductor,
wherein the main diode and the smoothing capacitor are connected in series between the ends of the main inductor,
wherein the smoothing inductor and an output capacitor are connected in series between the ends of the main diode,
wherein the auxiliary switching element and the auxiliary inductor are connected in series between the ends of the main switching element, and
wherein the auxiliary diode is connected between a junction point between the auxiliary switching element and the auxiliary inductor, and a junction point between the main diode and the smoothing capacitor.
14. The DC-DC converter according to claim 8 ,
wherein the direct-current power source is connected in series with the main inductor and the main switching element,
wherein the main diode and the smoothing capacitor are connected in series between the ends of the main switching element,
wherein the smoothing inductor and an output capacitor are connected in series between the ends of the main diode,
wherein the auxiliary inductor and the auxiliary switching element are connected in series between the ends of the main switching element, and
wherein the auxiliary diode is connected between a junction point between the auxiliary inductor and the auxiliary switching element, and a junction point between the main diode and the smoothing capacitor.
15. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 , further comprising a snubber capacitor connected between the ends of the main switching element.
16. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage across the main switching element,
wherein off time of the auxiliary switching element and on time of the main switching element are controlled based on a detection value thereof.
17. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a current detecting means for detecting a current passed through the main switching element and the diode connected in inverse parallel therewith,
wherein off time of the auxiliary switching element and on time of the main switching element are controlled based on a detection value thereof.
18. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage across the main inductor or the auxiliary inductor,
wherein off time of the auxiliary switching element and on time of the main switching element are controlled based on a detection value thereof.
19. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 , further comprising:
an input voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage of the direct-current power source;
a voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage across the main switching element; and
an output voltage detecting means,
wherein off time of the auxiliary switching element and on time of the main switching element are controlled based on detection values of at least two of the input voltage detecting means, the detecting means for the voltage across the main switching element, and the output voltage detecting means.
20. The DC-DC converter according to claim 1 , wherein the direct-current power source includes:
an alternating-current power source, a rectifying circuit, and a filter circuit;
an input voltage detecting means;
an input current detecting means for detecting a current from the direct-current power source; and
an output voltage detecting means,
wherein the power factor of the alternating-current power source is controlled.