Spectral signature extraction for drug verification and identification
Systems and methods perform signature extraction from an acquired spectrum of a pharmaceutical. An acquired spectrum of the pharmaceutical is measured using a spectrometer. The acquired spectrum is obtained from the spectrometer using a processor. A system-response function of the spectrometer is removed from the acquired spectrum using the processor. An intensity of the acquired spectrum is normalized to a predetermined scale using the processor. Fluorescence is removed from the acquired spectrum using the processor. Finally, an extracted signature of the pharmaceutical is obtained from the remainder of the acquired spectrum using the processor. If the acquired spectrum of the pharmaceutical is measured by the spectrometer through a container holding the pharmaceutical, a spectrum of the container is removed from the remainder of the acquired spectrum to produce the extracted signature of the pharmaceutical using the processor.
1. A system for signature extraction, comprising:
a spectrometer that measures an acquired spectrum of a pharmaceutical through the bottom, side, or top of a closed container; and
a processor in communication with the spectrometer that
stores a calibration spectrum of the closed container;
receives the acquired spectrum from the spectrometer,
removes a system-response function of the spectrometer from the acquired spectrum,
normalizes an intensity of the acquired spectrum to a predetermined scale by dividing the intensity by an exposure time of the spectrometer to the pharmaceutical,
removes fluorescence from the acquired spectrum, and
subtracts the stored calibration spectrum of the closed container from a remainder of the acquired spectrum to obtain an extracted signature of the pharmaceutical.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor subtracts the stored calibration spectrum of the closed container from a remainder of the acquired spectrum to obtain an extracted signature of the pharmaceutical by solving equation:
{right arrow over (X)}={right arrow over (X)} P +α{right arrow over (X)} V ,
where {right arrow over (X)} is the remainder of the acquired spectrum, {right arrow over (X)} p is the extracted signature of the pharmaceutical, {right arrow over (X)} v is the stored calibration spectrum of the closed container, and α is a weighting factor (scalar).
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the processor solves the equation, {right arrow over (X)}={right arrow over (X)} P +α{right arrow over (X)} V , for {right arrow over (X)} p , the extracted signature of the pharmaceutical, and α, the weighting factor using one of an optimization algorithm, a principal component analysis algorithm, a blind source separation algorithm, a Fourier-domain analysis algorithm, or a wavelet-domain analysis algorithm.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein if the pharmaceutical comprises a known compound, the processor additionally removes a spectrum of the known compound from the remainder of the acquired spectrum to obtain a second extracted signature of the pharmaceutical.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the processor additionally removes a spectrum of the known compound from the remainder of the acquired spectrum to produce the second extracted signature of the pharmaceutical using one of an optimization algorithm, a principal component analysis algorithm, a blind source separation algorithm, a Fourier-domain analysis algorithm, or a wavelet-domain analysis algorithm.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the spectrometer comprises a Raman spectrometer.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the spectrometer comprises a multimode multiplex spectrometer.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor removes a system-response function of the spectrometer by reversing a convolution of the acquired spectrum and the system-response function of the spectrometer.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the processor removes fluorescence from the acquired spectrum by fitting a baseline spectrum of the fluorescence to the acquired spectrum and removing the baseline spectrum from the acquired spectrum.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein fitting a baseline spectrum of the fluorescence comprises a line algorithm.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein fitting a baseline spectrum of the fluorescence comprises a horizontal algorithm.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein fitting a baseline spectrum of the fluorescence comprises a peak detection algorithm.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein fitting a baseline spectrum of the fluorescence comprises a linear least squares regression algorithm.
14. A method for signature extraction, comprising:
measuring an acquired spectrum of a pharmaceutical through the bottom, side, or top of a closed container using a spectrometer;
storing a calibration spectrum of the closed container using a processor;
obtaining the acquired spectrum from the spectrometer using the processor;
removing a system-response function of the spectrometer from the acquired spectrum using the processor;
normalizing an intensity of the acquired spectrum to a predetermined scale using the processor by dividing the intensity by an exposure time of the spectrometer to the pharmaceutical;
removing fluorescence from the acquired spectrum using the processor; and
subtracting the stored calibration spectrum of the closed container from a remainder of the acquired spectrum to obtain an extracted signature of the pharmaceutical using the processor.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the subtracting step comprises solving equation:
{right arrow over (X)}+{right arrow over (X)} P +α{right arrow over (X)} V ,
where {right arrow over (X)} is the remainder of the acquired spectrum, {right arrow over (X)} p is the extracted signature of the pharmaceutical, {right arrow over (X)} v is the stored calibration spectrum of the closed container, and α is a weighting factor (scalar).
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein solving the equation, {right arrow over (X)}={right arrow over (X)} P +α{right arrow over (X)} V , for {right arrow over (X)} p , the extracted signature of the pharmaceutical, and α, the weighting factor comprises using one of an optimization algorithm, a principal component analysis algorithm, a blind source separation algorithm, a Fourier-domain analysis algorithm, or a wavelet-domain analysis algorithm.
17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising if the pharmaceutical comprises a known compound, removing a spectrum of the known compound from the remainder of the acquired spectrum to produce a second extracted signature of the pharmaceutical using the processor.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein removing a spectrum of the known compound from the remainder of the acquired spectrum comprises one of an optimization algorithm, a principal component analysis algorithm, a blind source separation algorithm, a Fourier-domain analysis algorithm, or a wavelet-domain analysis algorithm.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein removing a system-response function of the spectrometer from the acquired spectrum using the processor comprises reversing a convolution of the acquired spectrum and the system-response function of the spectrometer.
20. The method of claim 14 , wherein removing fluorescence from the acquired spectrum using the processor comprises fitting a baseline spectrum of the fluorescence to the acquired spectrum and removing the baseline spectrum from the acquired spectrum.
21. A method for signature extraction using a software system, comprising:
providing a system, wherein the system comprises distinct software modules embodied on a computer-readable medium, and wherein the distinct software modules comprise a spectrum acquisition module, a system-response correction module, an exposure-time normalization module, a baseline correction module, and an extraction collection module;
obtaining an acquired spectrum of a pharmaceutical from a spectrometer using the spectrum acquisition module, wherein the acquired spectrum is measured through the bottom, side, and or top of a closed container;
storing a calibration spectrum of the closed container using the extraction collection module;
removing a system-response function of the spectrometer from the acquired spectrum using the system-response correction module;
normalizing an intensity of the acquired spectrum to a predetermined scale using the exposure-time normalization module by dividing the intensity by an exposure time of the spectrometer to the pharmaceutical;
removing fluorescence from the acquired spectrum using the baseline correction module; and
subtracting the stored calibration spectrum of the closed container from a remainder of the acquired spectrum to obtain an extracted signature of the pharmaceutical using the extraction collection module.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the subtracting step comprises solving equation:
{right arrow over (X)}={right arrow over (X)} P +α{right arrow over (X)} V ,
where {right arrow over (X)} is the remainder of the acquired spectrum, {right arrow over (X)} p is the extracted signature of the pharmaceutical, {right arrow over (X)} v is the stored calibration spectrum of the closed container, and α is a weighting factor (scalar).
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein solving the equation, {right arrow over (X)}={right arrow over (X)} P +α{right arrow over (X)} V , for {right arrow over (X)} p , the extracted signature of the pharmaceutical, and α the weighting factor comprises using one of an optimization algorithm, a principal component analysis algorithm, a blind source separation algorithm, a Fourier-domain analysis algorithm, or a wavelet-domain analysis algorithm.
24. The method of claim 21 , further comprising if the pharmaceutical comprises a known compound, adding a compound subtraction module to the system, removing a spectrum of the known compound from the remainder of the acquired spectrum using the compound subtraction module, and obtaining a second extracted signature of the pharmaceutical from a second remainder of the acquired spectrum using the extraction collection module.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein removing a spectrum of the known compound from the remainder of the acquired spectrum using the compound subtraction module comprises one of an optimization algorithm, a principal component analysis algorithm, a blind source separation algorithm, a Fourier-domain analysis algorithm, or a wavelet-domain analysis algorithm.
26. The method of claim 21 , wherein removing a system-response function of the spectrometer from the acquired spectrum using the system-response correction module comprises reversing a convolution of the acquired spectrum and the system-response function of the spectrometer.
27. The method of claim 21 , wherein removing the fluorescence from the acquired spectrum using the baseline correction module comprises fitting a baseline spectrum of the fluorescence to the acquired spectrum and removing the baseline spectrum from the acquired spectrum.
28. A computer program product, comprising a non-transient and tangible computer usable medium having a computer readable program code embodied therein, said computer readable program code adapted to be executed to implement a method for signature extraction, comprising:
providing a system, wherein the system comprises distinct software modules embodied on a computer-readable medium, and wherein the distinct software modules comprise a spectrum acquisition module, a system-response correction module, an exposure-time normalization module, a baseline correction module, and an extraction collection module;
obtaining an acquired spectrum of a pharmaceutical from a spectrometer using the spectrum acquisition module, wherein the acquired spectrum is measured through the bottom, side, and or top of a closed container;
storing a calibration spectrum of the closed container using the extraction collection module using the extraction collection module;
removing a system-response function of the spectrometer from the acquired spectrum using the system-response correction module;
normalizing an intensity of the acquired spectrum to a predetermined scale using the exposure-time normalization module by dividing the intensity by an exposure time of the spectrometer to the pharmaceutical;
removing fluorescence from the acquired spectrum using the baseline correction module; and
subtracting the stored calibration spectrum of the closed container from a remainder of the acquired spectrum to obtain an extracted signature of the pharmaceutical using the extraction collection module.
29. The computer program product of claim 28 , wherein the subtracting step comprises solving equation:
{right arrow over (X)}={right arrow over (X)} P +α{right arrow over (X)} V ,
where {right arrow over (X)} is the remainder of the acquired spectrum, {right arrow over (X)} p is the extracted signature of the pharmaceutical, {right arrow over (X)} v , is the calibration spectrum of the closed container, and α is a weighting factor (scalar).
30. The computer program product of claim 28 , further comprising if the pharmaceutical comprises a known compound, adding a compound subtraction module to the system, removing a spectrum of the known compound from the remainder of the acquired spectrum using the compound subtraction module, and obtaining a second extracted signature of the pharmaceutical from a second remainder of the acquired spectrum using the extraction collection module.