TGF-beta receptor inhibitors to enhance direct reprogramming
In general, iPS cells are produced by delivery of stem cell-associated genes into adult somatic cells (e.g., fibroblasts). Described herein are methods for enhancing the efficiency and rate of induced pluripotent stem cell production by treating somatic cells with a transforming growth factor-beta receptor (TGFβR) inhibitor. Also described herein are iPS cell compositions made according to the methods described herein and iPS cell compositions comprising an iPS cell in an admixture with a TGFβR inhibitor. Further described herein are kits for producing iPS cells using a TGFβR inhibitor.
1. An in vitro method for producing an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) from a somatic cell, the method comprising:
(a) reprogramming a somatic cell to produce a pluripotent stem cell by introducing a nucleic acid minimally encoding Oct3/4 and Klf4 and optionally additionally encoding Sox2 and c-Myc into said somatic cell;
(b) contacting said somatic cell of step (a) with an inhibitor of TGF-β receptor activity; and
(c) isolating a pluripotent stem cell produced in step (b).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said inhibitor of TGF-β receptor activity is selected from the group consisting of an antibody that inhibits TGF-β receptor activity, a small molecule that inhibits TGF-β receptor activity, and an RNA interference molecule that inhibits TGF-β receptor activity.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said small molecule is selected from the group consisting of 2-(3-(6-Methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,5 naphthyridine, [3-(Pyridin-2-yl)-4-(4-quinoyl)]-1H-pyrazole, and 3-(6-Methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(4-quinolyl)-1-phenylthiocarbamoyl-1H-pyrazole.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nucleic acid sequence is introduced in a viral vector or a plasmid.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein production of said induced pluripotent stem cell is confirmed by detection of a stem cell marker.
6. An in vitro method for increasing efficiency of iPSC production, the method comprising:
(a) reprogramming a somatic cell to produce a pluripotent stem cell by introducing a nucleic acid minimally encoding Oct3/4 and Klf4 and optionally additionally encoding Sox2 and c-Myc into said somatic cell; and
(b) contacting said somatic cell of step (a) with an inhibitor of TGF-β receptor activity,
wherein the efficiency of iPSC production is increased relative to the efficiency of iPSC production by said reprogramming step (a) that does not contact the somatic cell with said inhibitor.
7. An in vitro method for increasing the rate of iPSC production, the method comprising:
(a) reprogramming a somatic cell to produce a pluripotent stem cell by introducing a nucleic acid minimally encoding Oct3/4 and Klf4 and optionally additionally encoding Sox2 and c-Myc into said somatic cell; and
(b) contacting said somatic cell of step (a) with an inhibitor of TGF-β receptor activity,
wherein the rate of iPSC production is increased relative to the rate of iPSC production by said reprogramming step (a) that does not contact the somatic cell with said inhibitor.
8. A kit for producing iPSCs, the kit comprising:
(a) nucleic acid sequences encoding Oct3/4 and Klf4, and optionally encoding Sox2 and c-Myc;
(b) an inhibitor of TGF-β receptor activity; and
(c) packaging material therefor.