Degradation of prion protein and reduced prion infectivity by earthworm homogenates
Methods for the degradation of prion proteins are described. Items that may be contaminated with prions are treated with earthworm-derived extracts to degrade prion proteins and reduce their infectivity in animals. Methods of using an earthworm-derived protein extract for treating foodstuffs and surfaces to inhibit or disable prion infectivity are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for treating medical instruments, tools used to butcher animals, and laboratory equipment.
1. A method for degrading infectious prion proteins or reducing prion infectivity, the method comprising contacting a surface that carries or is suspected to carry prion-infected material with an effective amount of a composition comprising a whole earthworm tissue homogenate or an active fraction thereof, wherein the composition comprises one or more earthworm tissue-derived prion-degrading enzymes selected from the group consisting of a fibrinolytic enzyme, a fibrinolytic protease, and a lumbrokinase, wherein the active fraction does not consist solely of earthworm digestive tract luminal contents, and wherein the active fraction does not consist solely of lumbrokinase.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the degradation of prions results in a reduction of prion infectivity.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises about 10-30% by weight of the earthworm tissue homogenate or active fraction thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the active fraction is an earthworm tissue homogenate supernatant.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the supernatant is prepared by wet-grinding earthworms and filtering the homogenate.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the earthworm tissue homogenate or active fraction thereof has been lyophilized.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the preparation of the lyophilized earthworm tissue homogenate or active fraction thereof comprises wet-grinding earthworms and freeze-drying the tissue homogenate or active fraction thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the earthworm tissue homogenate or active fraction thereof comprises lumbrokinase.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the earthworm tissue homogenate or active fraction thereof is derived from an earthworm selected from the group consisting of: Lumbricus rubellus, Eisenia fetida , and Lumbricus bimastus.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more enzymes has at least 95% sequence identity to an earthworm protease selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-29.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the earthworm tissue homogenate or active fraction thereof has been subjected to size exclusion chromatography.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the earthworm tissue homogenate or active fraction thereof has been subjected to ion exchange chromatography.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface is selected from the group consisting of: a medical device, butchering equipment, and laboratory equipment.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting comprises soaking the surface in the composition.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting comprises spraying or wiping the surface with the composition.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein following the treating of the surface, the prion-infected material is unable to infect a live mammal.
17. A method for inhibiting infection by an infectious prion, the method comprising adding a composition that degrades prions to an animal foodstuff containing or suspected of containing a prion-infected material, wherein the composition comprises an effective amount of a whole earthworm tissue homogenate or an active fraction thereof, wherein the composition comprises one or more earthworm-derived prion-degrading enzymes selected from the group consisting of a fibrinolytic enzyme, a fibrinolytic protease, and a lumbrokinase, wherein prions in the foodstuff, if present, are degraded, wherein the active fraction does not consist solely of earthworm digestive tract luminal contents, and wherein the active fraction does not consist solely of lumbrokinase.