METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING AND MONITORING THE KINETIC PERFORMANCE OF AN ESTERIFICATION CATALYST MATERIAL
A process for monitoring the condition of a guard bed catalyst material used in an adiabatic reactor to thereby protect a primary reaction catalyst and, in particular, the present invention is intended to be applied to a guard bed used prior to the heterogeneous catalyzed esterification of free fatty acids with low molecular weight monohydric alcohols, especially methanol, to produce fatty acid alkyl esters for biodiesel production.
1 . An apparatus for protecting a primary esterification catalyst, comprising:
a) a guard bed reaction vessel having a first inlet, a first outlet, an first interior region, and a guard bed esterification catalyst,
wherein said guard bed esterification catalyst is disposed within said first interior region between said first inlet and said first outlet so as to thereby enable a first fluid stream comprising contaminants to enter the guard bed reaction vessel through said first inlet, contact the guard bed esterification catalyst, thereby forming an effluent stream, and allowing said effluent stream to exit the guard bed reaction vessel via the first outlet;
b) a primary reaction vessel having a second inlet, a second outlet, a second interior region, and the primary esterification catalyst,
wherein said primary esterification catalyst is disposed within said second interior region between said second inlet and said second outlet so as to thereby enable the effluent stream to enter the primary reaction vessel through said second inlet, contact the primary esterification catalyst, thereby forming a final stream and allowing said final stream to exit the primary reaction vessel via the second outlet;
c) a reactor preheater for heating the first fluid stream;
d) a conduit, interposed between the reactor preheater, the guard bed reaction vessel, and the primary reaction vessel, thereby allowing the flow of a fluid between them;
e) a guard bed differential temperature monitor connected to the guard bed reaction vessel for measuring the differential temperature across a portion of the guard bed esterification catalyst; and
f) a guard bed differential pressure monitor connected to the guard bed reaction vessel for measuring the differential pressure gradient across a portion of the guard bed esterification catalyst.
2 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said primary esterification catalyst is a solid phase strongly acidic resin-based catalyst.
3 . The apparatus according to claim 2 , where said solid phase strongly acidic resin-based catalyst is macroporous.
4 . The apparatus according to claim 3 , where said solid phase strongly acidic resin-based catalyst is a sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene based polymeric resin.
5 . A process for protecting a primary esterification catalyst, comprising the steps of:
a) providing the apparatus according to claim 1 ,
b) heating the first fluid stream prior to the introduction thereof into the guard bed reaction vessel;
c) measuring the differential temperature across a portion of the guard bed esterification catalyst; and
d) measuring the differential pressure across a portion of the guard bed esterification catalyst.
6 . The process according to claim 5 , wherein said primary esterification catalyst is a solid phase strongly acidic resin-based catalyst.
7 . The process according to claim 6 , where said solid phase strongly acidic resin-based catalyst is macroporous.
8 . The process according to claim 7 , where said solid phase strongly acidic resin-based catalyst is a sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene based polymeric resin.